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Ultrafine Particles • Much greater potency per unit mass • Only one positive study on
(D ≤ 0.2 µm) in animal inhalation studies (H+ , response in humans
Teflon, and TiO2 aerosols) than for
same materials in larger diameter
fine particle aerosols
• Concept of “irritation signalling” in • Absence of relevant data
terms of number of particles per unit base on ambient
airway surface concentrations
1.2
Relative Risk Estimates
1.0
0.8
1.8
Girls
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
1-day 2-day 3-day 4-day 5-day 6-day 7-day
Exposure Averaging
Asthma hospital admission RR estimates and 95% Cls for PM 10-2.5 for children 6-12
years old, Toronto, 1981-1993, adjusted for weather conditions, using case-crossover
and time-series analysis. From: Lin et al., Environ. Health Perspect, 110: 575-581, 2002
LUNG HEART LIVER
A B C
50 50
CAPS * 50 **
Filtered Air 40
40
CL (cps/cm2)
40
30
30 30
20
20 20 10
10 10 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (hr)
Time course of increase of in situ chemiluminescence (CL) from lung (A), heart (B),
and liver (C) of rats exposed to CAPs (average mass concentration, 300 ± 60 g/m3)
or filtered air for 1, 3, and 5hr. Each point represents the mean ± SEM (n=10
determinations). Compared with sham controls or with time 0, *p<0.001 and
**p<0.005.
From: Gurgueira et al., Environmental Health Perspectives, v10: 749-755, Aug. 2002