BPS4643

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

Lecture 3: Construction Safety Management

 CONTENTS

• Elements in OSH management.

• Duties of contractors in managing OSH at
the workplace.
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

• At the end of this topic, students should be able

to:
– Explain all the elements in OSH management
– Describe the duties of contractors in managing
OSH in the workplace
WHAT IS AN OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(OSH-MS)?
General definition:
• An OSH MS is a planned, documented and verifiable
method of managing hazards and associated risks. An
OSH MS can be simple or complex, it can be highly
documented or sparingly described and it can be home
grown or based on an available model.
• Purpose: To ensure safety , health and welfare of
workers to comply with Regulation.
 DEMING CYCLE
• Most of established OSHMS are likely based upon the
principle of Plan, Do, Check and Act (PDCA Cycle or
Deming Cycle)
ISO 45001
Framework for OSH Management
 OSH POLICY
• Demonstration of senior management involvement.
• Provides evidence to all stakeholders that
responsibilities to people and the environment are
taken seriously.
• State the intentions of the organization in terms of clear
aims, objectives and targets.
OSH POLICY
 OSH Policy: Legal Requirement

OSHA 514 (1994) PART IV :

GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS AND SELF-EMPLOYED PERSONS, SECTION 16

“Except in such cases as may be prescribe, it shall be the

duty of every employer and self-employed person to
prepare and as often as may be appropriate revise a
written statement of his general policy with respect to the
safety and health at work of his employees.

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 OSH Policy: Legal Requirement
OSH [EMPLOYER’S SAFETY & HEALTH GENERAL POLICY STATEMENT] (EXCEPTION)
REGULATIONS 1995

 Section 16 of OSHA, 514 (1994) shall apply to every employer

and every self-employed person except those who carry on an
undertaking with NOT MORE THAN FIVE EMPLOYEES.

 Regulation come into force on the 25th February 1994

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 OSH Policy: Legal Requirement
OSHA 514 (1994) PART IV :
PENALTY FOR NON-COMPLIANCE, SECTION 19

Employers that contravene this provision shall be liable to a

fine not exceeding RM 50,000 or/and TWO years
imprisonment

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 OSH POLICY
• The laws required that the written health and safety policy
should include the following three sections:
– A health and safety policy statement of intent which includes the
health and safety aims and objectives of the organization.
– The health and safety organization detailing the people with health
and safety responsibilities and their duties.
– The health and safety arrangements in place in terms of systems and
procedures.
 ORGANIZING
• Offering a shared understanding of the organization’s values
and beliefs, at all levels.
• Effective organization:
– Good staff involvement and participation
– High quality communications
– The promotion of competency
– The empowerment and commitment of all employees to make
informed contributions
 ORGANIZING
• Employer’s responsibilities:
– The health, safety and welfare at work of employees and other
workers, whether part-time, temporary or trainee.
– The health and safety of anyone who visits or uses the workplace or
sites.
– The health and safety of anyone who is allowed to use the
organization’s equipment.
– The health and safety of those affected by the work activity like
neighbors and general public.
 ORGANIZING
• Employee’s responsibilities:
– To take reasonable care for the health and safety of themselves and
of other persons who may be affected by their acts or omissions at
work.
– To cooperate with employers in assisting them to fulfill their statutory
duties.
– Not to interfere with deliberately or misuse anything provided, in
accordance with health and safety legislations, to further health and
safety at works.
ORGANIZING
 ORGANIZING
Client
Supplies
requirements, Supplies tenders,
specification invoices, bills of
contracts and quantities
design Principal
Contractor
Supplies designs
specifications, Supplies quotes,
contracts labour, invoices

Sub-contractors

Typical Supply Chain

 ORGANIZING
• Advantages of good supply chain management:
– Reduction of waste: waste of materials and time-related waste,
unwanted materials, re-working due to poor quality
– Faster reaction: able to respond rapidly to changing requirements
– Reduction in accidents: a closer relationship between client,
designers, principal contractors and suppliers of serviced and
products
 Contractors
• A contractor is anyone who brought in to work who is not an
employee.
• Contractors are used for electrical, plumbing, brick laying,
carpentry, roofing, installation, demolition, cleaning, security
and many other tasks.
• Several contractors on site at any one time.
 Contractor Selection
• The most important element in ensuring the safety and health
of everybody involved.
• Selection should be made from a list of approved contractors
who have demonstrated that they are able to meet client’s
requirements.
• Contractor who meets requirements in terms of quality and
timeliness of work is likely to have a better safety and health
performance.
 Control of Contractors
• Contractors should be expected to:
– Familiarise themselves with health and safety plan which affect them
and their employees and/or sub-contractors.
– Cooperate with principal contractor in his health and safety duties.
– Comply with their legal health and safety duties.
• The control of sub-contractors can be exercised by monitoring
them against the criteria defined and by regular site
inspections.
Control of Contractors
 Control of Contractors
• Minimum safety rules for contractors:
– Health and safety: contractor operates to at least the minimum legal
standard and conforms to accepted industry good practice
– Supervision: provide a good standard of supervision of their own
employees
– Sub-contractors: they may not use sub-contractors without prior
written agreement from the company
– Authorization: each employee must carry and authorization card
issued by company at all times on site and permits will be required
for certain operations
 Safety and Health Officer (SHO)
OSH (SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER) ORDER 1997

 For a project value of more than RM 20 million, the Contractor

shall employ a full time competent person to act as a Safety and
Health Officer at the place of work throughout the entire
contract period.
 The Safety and Health officer shall be employed exclusively for
the purpose of ensuring the due observance of the provisions of
the Act at the place of work and any other regulation made
therein including the promotion of a safe workplace conduct.
 Site Safety Supervisor (SSS)
FM (BUILDING OPERATIONS AND WORK OF ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION)
(SAFETY) REGULATIONS 1986 (BOWEC)

 Regulation 25(1) stated that the main contractor shall appoint a site safety
supervisor for the safety supervision on construction activities within the
site for at least fifteen hours per week.
 Among the duties of site safety supervisor is:
 Inspect and rectifying any unsafe conditions at the work site.
 Correcting any unsafe practices.
 Checking of sub-contractors’ work to ensure compliance with the Act and
Regulation made thereunder are complied with
 Liaise with contractor’s safety supervisors appointed under Regulation 26 with
respect to safety of work undertaken by sub-contractors.
 Site Safety Supervisor (SSS)
FM (BUILDING OPERATIONS AND WORK OF ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION)
(SAFETY) REGULATIONS 1986 (BOWEC)

 Regulation 25 (2) has stipulate that site safety supervisor must be a person
who is competent to perform the duties specified in sub-regulation (3) and
(4), and have qualifications approved by the Chief Inspector and working
experience of at least for two years as a construction site foreman.
 Site safety supervisor must be a person who has successfully completed a
site safety supervisor course carried out by the instructor registered with
DOSH, and passed the examination conducted by the National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) or institution accredited by DOSH.
 Contractor’s Safety Supervisor
FM (BUILDING OPERATIONS AND WORK OF ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION)
(SAFETY) REGULATIONS 1986 (BOWEC)

 Regulation 26 stated that every contractor other than the main

contractor who employs more than twenty persons shall appoint a pat-
time contractor’s safety supervisor.
 He shall spend at least five hours per week exclusively on safety
supervision and on promoting the safe conduct of work generally by
his employees.
 The contractor’s safety supervisor shall be a person competent to
perform the duties specified in sub-regulation (3) and has a minimum
of two years experience as a site foreman.
 Safety Committee
FM (BUILDING OPERATIONS AND WORK OF ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION)
(SAFETY) REGULATIONS 1986 (BOWEC)

 Regulation 27 stipulated the main contractor which employed fifty or

more persons shall establish a safety committee for the purpose of
keeping under review conditions in worksite which may affect the
safety and health of the person employed.
 Safety committee shall consist of a senior member of the main
contractor’s staff at the site, the site safety supervisor, all the
contractor’s safety supervisor and others appointed members.
 The safety committee shall meet at least once a month.
 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING
• Setting and implementation of performance standards, targets
and procedures.
• Plan is based on risk assessment methods to decide on
priorities and set objectives for the effective control and risk
reduction.
• Establishment of practical plans and performance targets
which achievements can be identified.
 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING
• Comprehensive planning must precede safe working practices.
• Carry out initial review of the current safety status and existing
logistical support.
• Initial review will:
Look at what is currently in place and practice;
Look at current compliance standards and practices;
Assess current status in terms of performance standards; and
Identify and recommend improvement measures to enhance
overall performance objectives and policy.
 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING
All planning and implementation should take into consideration
safety objectives and safety policy.
One important aspect in planning and implementation of safety
management system is hazards prevention. Two aspects of hazards
prevention are:
prevention and control measures; and
management of change.
 Prevention and control measures is achieved through risk
management.
 OSH Plan
• The Contractor shall prepare the Safety and Health Plan as follows:
– Fulfilment of all safety and health requirement during the construction
works which enables the Works to be practically commence without any
potential risk to safety and health;
– Fulfilment all the requirement, pre-construction information and any
other information provided by the Owner;
– Scheduled plan for project update, review, revise and refine of the Safety
and Health Plan in consistent with the progress of the Works;
– Arrangement for S&H Plan to be practically implemented across all
personnel carrying out the construction work and all persons who may be
affected by the Works;
 OSH Plan
• The Contractor shall prepare the Safety and Health Plan as follows:
– Reasonable measures to identify all potential safety and health risks arising from the
construction work;
– Suitable and sufficient measure for risk mitigation that includes provision of any site
Safety and Health rules
• The Contractor shall submit five (5) copies to the S.O. or the client representative
before the project commences and update it throughout the construction works.
• A copy of the updated Safety and Health Plan shall be kept at site.
• S&H Plan shall be prepared and reviewed by Project Manager and approved by
Project Director.
• It can be prepared in Bahasa Malaysia or English
 OSH Plan
• Safety and Health Plan shall include the following:
– Project Introduction and Scope of Works associated with Occupational
Safety and Health (OSH).
– Contractor’s Authorized and Updated OSH Policy, Drug and Alcohol
Policy; OSH promotional activities and campaign that carried out to meet
Client’s Objective and Targets.
– Contractor’s Organization Chart and Safety and Health Committee (SHC)
Chart
– Arrangement of communication, consultation and involvement of each
member of the Contractor’s project team including any OSH
Communications
 OSH Plan
• Safety and Health Plan shall include the following:
– Contractor’s Authorised Updated Compliance List on OSH Legislation
and Other Related Requirements.
– List of Prohibited foods and drinks including drugs and medicine.
– List of Safety and Personal Protective Equipment at required at
workplace.
– Schedule of OSH Trainings and Programmes to all workmen including
sub-Contractor
– Emergency Response Plan
– Safe Work System on Temporary Electricity Installation Works.
 OSH Plan
• Safety and Health Plan shall include the following:
– Safe Operational Procedures for:
a. Stability of structures whilst carrying out construction work,
b. Preventing falls,
c. Work with or near fragile materials,
d. Control of lifting operations,
e. The maintenance of plant and equipment (as interpret by OSHA 1994),
f. Work on excavations and work where there are poor ground conditions, g. Work
on wells, underground earthworks and tunnels,
h. Work involving explosives,
i. Masonry works,
j. Services works.
 OSH Plan
• Safety and Health Plan shall include the following:
– Format of Incident investigation.
– Format of Safety and Health Performance and Incident Statistics
including daily reporting.
– Safety Data Sheets.
– Health Precaution on workmen.
– Provision of Welfare Facilities.
– Provision of Safety Signage and Traffic Control.
– Provision of Project Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk
Control (HIRARC).
 Safety and Health Training
• Programs for the education and training of employees in the
recognition, avoidance and prevention of unsafe conditions covered by
the OSHA 1994, FMA 1967, and other relevant regulations.
• Every construction personnel working at site are required to obtain
CIDB Green Card by attending the CIDB S&H Induction Course.
• All construction personnel, Visitors, Vendors & Suppliers entering work
site are:
– Required to attend Site Safety Induction courses if required to enter an
operational construction zone;
– Shall be accompanied by company appointed site personnel while on the
site.
 Risk Management
• Risk assessment used to decide on priorities and to set
objectives for eliminating hazards and reducing risks.
• Identify potential hazards to employees or, assess their risk, or
likelihood of happening and the effects they would have, and
the taking of necessary control measures for such hazards.
• Records of HIRARC shall be kept, maintained and submitted to
the S.O/PD prior to commencement of the work.
• HIRARC may be reviewed during the course of work as
required.
Risk Management
 MEASURING PERFORMANCE
• Active and reactive monitoring to see how effectively the
health and safety management is working.
• Active monitoring involves looking at the premises, plant and
substances plus the people, procedures and systems.
• Reactive monitoring discovers through investigations of
accidents and incidents why controls have failed.
• Important to measure the organization against its own long-
term goals and objectives.
 MEASURING PERFORMANCE
 Performance of activities implemented must be evaluated.
 Methods of evaluation, include:
Performance monitoring;
Accident investigation;
Audit; and
Management review.
 Quantitative as well as qualitative method should be used in
evaluation.
 S&H Performance Report
 Five (5) copies monthly safety and health performance report shall be prepared and
submitted to the S.O.
 The report shall describe the followings:
 Related OSH programme.
 Incident statistic in accordance with OSH (NADOPOD) Regulations 2004.
 Complaints / Non-compliance / damages and actions taken.
 Status on S & H Plan and HIRARC.
 CIDB Green Card records, Machineries register and maintenance records.
 Traffic and other related safety control.
 Provision and maintenance of safety and health statistic scoreboard.
 The boards shall be located at the entrance of site office/workplace or practicable
locations.
 Inspection
• Using a checklist or inspection form that covers the key issues
to be monitored in a particular department or area of the
organization within a particular period.
• This checklist is usually structured using the ‘four P’:
– Premises
– Plant and substances
– Procedures
– People
 Inspection
• Frequency of inspections will depend on the level of risk and
any statutory inspection requirement.
• Directors may be expected to examine the premises formally at
an annual audit.
• Site supervisors may be expected to carry out inspection each
week.
 REVIEWING PERFORMANCE
• Review the results of monitoring and independence audits.
• Evaluate the performance against the objectives and targets
established by policy.
• Objective and targets may be change at this review stage.
• Changes in the health and safety environment should also
trigger a performance review.
• Comparisons should be made with performance indicators of
similar organisations.
 REVIEWING PERFORMANCE
• The information gathered on weakness of the system and
recommendation made should be implemented.
• Anything implemented should be monitored for its success in
correcting the weakness.
• Continuous evaluation and improvement ensure continual
improvement in safety performance.
 AUDITING
• Internal or external audits on the management system.
• Assess the compliance arrangements and procedures.
• Identify the weakness in the health and safety policy and
procedures and identify unrealistic or inadequate standards
and targets.
• ‘Feedback loop’ produced by audit to ensure continuing
effectiveness of the management system.
 AUDITING
• Process of auditing involves:
– Gathering information from all levels: interviewing people, looking at
documents and checking physical conditions
– Making informed judgements about adequacy and performance:
judge against relevant standard or benchmarks
• Should not be seen as a fault-finding activity and should
recognize achievement as well as highlighting areas where
more needs to be done.
Q&A

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