Pumping Unit

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PUMPING UNIT

 FUNCTION AND MAIN STRUCTURE COMPONENTS

 PUMPING UNIT TYPES

 API DESIGNATION

 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON

 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

 POWER REQUIREMENTS
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FUNCTION

Converts the rotary motion of the motor into

reciprocating vertical movement required at the

polished rod to apply pump action.

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Main Structure

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Main Structure

Four bar mechanical linkage:

o The crank arm

o The pitman

o The walking beam section between Centre and

Equalizer bearing

o The distance between saddle bearing and

crankshaft (Fixed)

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Geometry

Leverage System is classified according to relative position of Fulcrum, Load

(weight), and Force (effort)
Class I Class II Class III

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Types

Conventional
o Class I Leverage system (Double-arm).

o Equal I & C distance.

o Counter balance through counter weights

on crank arm.

o Bi-Direction crank rotation

o Simple and easy operation/maintenance

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Types

Mark II
o Class III Leverage system (Single-arm).

o Distance C is greater than distance I (195

deg. Up-stroke and 165 deg. Down-stroke).

o Phased crank counterbalance

o Uni-Direction crank rotation (CCW)

o Less torque and power demand.

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Types

Torqmaster/Reverse Mark
o Class I Leverage system (Single-arm).

o Distance I is greater than C (GB moved at

the rear).

o Phased crank counterbalance

o Uni-Direction crank rotation (CW)

o Most recent with combined benefits.

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Types

Beam Balanced
o Class I Leverage system (Single-arm).

o Equal C & I distance

o Weights on walking beam

o Bi-Direction crank rotation

o Shallow and low producing wells .

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Types

Air Balanced
o Class III Leverage system (Double-arm).

o Equal C & I distance

o Piston and pressurized air for balancing the

unit.

o Bi-Direction crank rotation

o Easy unit balance.

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Types

Long Stroke Belt-Driven (Rotaflex) Linear Rod Pump (LRP)

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Types

Low Profile Linear Rod Pump (LRP)

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API DESIGNATION

Maximum Polished Rod Load, lb. Maximum Stroke Length, inch

M-680-305-144

Pumping Unit Type Gearbox Torque Rating (Thousand of lb.-inch)

C Conventional
M Mark II
A Air Balanced
B Beam Balanced
TM Torqmaster
LP Low Profile

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API DESIGNATION

C-912D-365-168

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API Designation

CW & CCW - Left & Right

CW

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Performance Comparison

The preferred configuration for pumping unit

geometry result in:

 Slower upstroke speed

 Lower acceleration at the start of the upstroke

 Smaller values of TF at the upstroke

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Preventive Maintenance
Monthly Quarterly Bi-Annually
     
 Check the reducer oil  Belts alignment &  Gear reducer teeth and
level, loss of level tensioning and sheaves oil replacement if
mostly related to shafts for wear , or cracks required.
leakage.   Check oil for: water
   Brake lining for wear content, sludge’s, and
 Visually check the crank and clearance acids
pin bearings, equalizer adjustment. Also, check  Structure bearing
bearing, and center brake drum for cracks lubrication
bearing for seal leaks. and check lever with  Bolts
Do not confuse grease pawl.  
discharge from the
bearing housing vents
with seal leakage

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Prime Mover

• Gas engines or more commonly electrical motors

• Most Common:
3 phase induction motor with 6 poles (Synch.
Speed 1200 at 60 HZ, and 1000 at 50 HZ)
• Cyclic load factor:
Determine the power increases required for
cyclic loads compared with static loads

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Prime Mover

• Breakaway Torque:
the torque valid at zero speed(2 –
3 times higher than full load
torque, required to start a
pumping unit
• Slip:
When loaded, motors always turn
at a speed less than its
synchronous speed. This helps to
decrease power demand.
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