ROOFING SYSTEMS : EXAMPLE

Sustainable building material and technology

PDAR0102
Dr Ravish Kumar
(Assistant Professor)
Department of Arch. & Planning
National Institute of Technology Patna

Neeraj Patel
Roll No: 225AR006
Department of Arch. & Planning
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PATNA

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 1/16
• CATEGORIES OF ROOFING SYSTEM
 FLOORS :MULTISTORIED BUILDING
 FLAT ROOFS :SINGLE STORY/TOP FLOOR
 SLOPING ROOFS :SINGLE STORY/TOP FLOOR
 CURVED ROOFS : SINGLE STORY/TOP FLOOR

 CONSIDERATIONS
 HEAT TRANSFER
 LOADS
 FLOORS 2.0 kN/sqm
 ROOFS 1.5 kN/sqm to 0.75 kN/sqm FLOORS

CURVED ROOFS SLOPING ROOFS FLAT ROOFS

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 2/16
• CATEGORIES OF ROOFING MATERIAL
 TILES OVER TIMBER OR BAMBOO STRUCTURE
 THACHING OVER BAMBOO STRUCTURE
 CEMENT ASBESTOS/CORRUGATED GALVANIZED IRON
 JACK ARCH: BRICK ARCHES OVER STEEL GRIDERS

ASBESTOS ROOF GI SHEET JACK ARCH ROOF CHACHED ROOF

TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES TILES OVER TIMBER

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 3/16
• TILES OVER TIMBER OR BAMBOO STRUCTURE
 POTTER TILES AND MANGALORE PATTERNED TILES
 SLOPED ROOF FOR BETTER DRAINAGE
 SLOPE IS 30 DEGREE (APPROX.)
 USED AT CLOSELY SPACED BAMBOO STRUCTURE
 IT CAN BE TERMED AS SELF RELIANT SOLUTION
 BETTER INTERLOCKING
 LARGER SPACING

 REQUIRED ANNUAL MAINTENANCE

 WEATHERING
 HOUSES INSECTES LIKE SCORPION

 CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE SLABS ARE TAKING PLACE

TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 4/16
• TILES OVER TIMBER OR BAMBOO STRUCTURE
 ADVANTAGES
• POTTER TILES AND MANGALORE PATTERNED TILES
• SLOPED ROOF FOR BETTER DRAINAGE
• SLOPE IS 30 DEGREE (APPROX.)
• USED AT CLOSELY SPACED BAMBOO STRUCTURE
• IT CAN BE TERMED AS SELF RELIANT SOLUTION
• BETTER INTERLOCKING
• LARGER SPACING

 LIMITATIONS
• REQUIRED ANNUAL MAINTENANCE
• WEATHERING
• HOUSES INSECTES LIKE SCORPION

 OVER THE TIME CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE SLABS ARE

TAKING PLACE

TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 5/16
• THACHING OVER BAMBOO STRUCTURE
 ADVANTAGES
• EXTENSIVELY USED IN RURAL AREA
• COPPER CHROME BORIC SOLUTION IS USED TO
INCREASE LIFE SPAN UPTO 12 YEARS
• CARPET : COCONUT THACH TREATED WITH COPPER
SULPHATE SOLUTION AND COATING WITH CASHEW
NUT SHELL LIQUID TO INCREASE THE DURABILITY
• EXTENSIVELY USED IN TAMIL NADU AND KUTCH
REGION
• LASTS ABOUT 10 TO 12 YEARS

 LIMITATIONS
• EARLY DETERIORATION
• WEATHERING
• FIRE IS A MAJOR THREAT
• SYMBOL OF POVERTY
• HOUSES INSECTES LIKE SCORPION

 OVER THE TIME CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE SLABS ARE

TAKING
TILES PLACE
OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES
NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 6/16
• CEMENT ASBESTOS OR CORRUGATED GALVANIZED SHEETS
 ADVANTAGES
• EXTENSIVELY USED IN HOUSES AND INDUSTRIES
• HAZARDUS FOR HUNAM HEALTH
• GALVANISED OR POWER COATED CORUGATED SHEET
TAKING PLACE OF ASBESTOS
• WELL PERFORMED AGAINST RAIN
• EASY TO INSTALL AND TRANSPORT

 LIMITATIONS
• NOISY WHEN RAINING
• HOTTER IN SUMMAR
• COOLER IN WINTER

TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 7/16
• JACK-ARCH:BRICK ARCHES OVER STEEL GRIDERS
• FLAT ROOF
• BRICK ARCH COVERING RESTING OVER STEEL GRIDERS
• IT CAN BE A FLOOR
• POPULAR ROOFING CONCEPT BEFORE RCC

 ADVANTAGES
• EXTENSIVELY USED IN HOUSES AND INDUSTRIES
• HAZARDUS FOR HUNAM HEALTH
• GALVANISED OR POWER COATED CORUGATED SHEET
TAKING PLACE OF ASBESTOS
• WELL PERFORMED AGAINST RAIN
• EASY TO INSTALL AND TRANSPORT

 LIMITATIONS
• HIGH ENERGY EMBODIED DUE TO STEEL AND BURNET
BRICK
• LOW STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY

TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 8/16
• INTEGRAL ROOFING SYSTEM
• ROOFS = COVERING + STRUCTURE
• CAST-IN-SITU
• RC SLAB
• FILLER SLAB
• RIBBED FILLER SLAB
• PARTIALLY PREFABRICATED
• COMPLETELY PREFABRICATED
• REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB IS UNIVERSALLY
ACCEPTED AS CAST IN SITU SLAB
• GOOD COVERING AND STRUCTURALLY STABLE
• NOT SUSTAINABLE AND AFFORDABLE

TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 9/16
• CAST-IN-SITU ROOF
 FILLER SLAB
• SIZE 230 X 190 X 75
• EXTENSIVELY USED IN KERALA BY LAURIE BAKER
• USED IN ONE WAY SLAB OR TWO WAY SLAB
• IT IS NOT RECOMMENDED TO USE AT AN EDGE
• CLOSE FILLER SLAB BEFORE 200 MM FROM EDGE

 RIBBED FILLER SLAB

• USED IN TWO WAY SLAB
• LAGER THAN FILLER SLAB
• SIZE (350 X 350 X 75) OR (450 X 450 X 75)
• SIGNIFICANT T-BEAM IN BOTH DIRECTIONS
• MORE TENSION CAN REPLACED BY CHIPPER
MATERIAL
TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES
NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 10/16
• PARTIALLY PREFABRICATED ROOF
 COMPOSITE T-BEAM AND SLAB ROOF
 USED IN ONE WAY SLAB ROOF
 BEAM (RC, WOODEN, AND STEEL TRUSS) IS
CONSCTUCTED
 PRECAST MATERIAL IS OVERLAY ON BEAM
 40 MM SCREEDING
 PRECAST PANELS CAN BE OF
 REINFORCED BRICK PANELS
 REINFORCED MUD BLOCK
 REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK
 REINFORCED HOLLOW CLAY BLOCK
 CUDDAPAH OR SHAHBAD STONE PANEL
 ARCH BRICK PANEL
 SHEAR CONNECTOR PREVENTS TO SLIPPAGE
 ARCHED BRICK PANEL AND RC BEAM COMPOSIT ROOF
 ARCH DEPTH 200 MM
 LARGE DUCT
 THERMAL COMFORT

TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 11/16
• PREFABRICATED ROOF
 BASIC MATERIAL FOR PREFABRICATED ROOF
 FERROCEMENT
 FERRO CONCRETE
 REINFORCED CONCRETE

TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 12/16
• FERROCEMENT
 MADE OF CEMENT-SAND MORTAR
 REINFORCED WITH STEEL BARS & WIRE MESH
 FIRSTLY DEVELOPED BY J.L.LAMBOT (FRANCE) 1848
 RE-DEVELOPED BY P.L.NERVI (1940) ITALY
 THICKNESS – 30 MM
 MIX – 1:1.5 TO 1:3
 PRECAST LINTEL, SUNSHADES, KITCHEN SHELVES,
WATER TANK
 ROOFING, CHANNELS, TRUSS MEMBERS, AND RAFTERS
 SPAN CAN BE UPTO 7.0 M
 USED AT FISHERIES AND BOAT ROOFS
 WATER TANK AND DOOE SHUTRTER OF AUROVILLE

 LIMITATIONS
 MORE ENERGY FOOTPRINT
 USE OF FERROCEMENT (EXPENSIVE)
 MORE HEAT REDIATION

TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 13/16
• FERRO CONCRETE
 DEVELOPED BY ASTRA, IISc
 USING MICROCONCRETE TO REDUCE CEMENT %
 MESH + LABOUR COST IS REMOVED
 REINFORCEMENT UPTO 3MM & 4MM
 PRECAST CHANNEL ROOF (INVERTED)
 PRECAST C CHANNEL ROOF (FACING EACH OTHER)
 BETTER THERMAL COMFORT (VELLORE)
 BETTER ROOFING FOR RURAL AREA

 LIMITATIONS
 POOR CLEAR COVER OF REINFORCEMENT
 LIFE SPAN UPTO 20-25 YEARS
 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE REQUIRED
 WATER PROOFING IS REQUIRED

TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 14/16
• REINFORCED CONCRETE
 DEVELOPED BY CBRI & SERC
 PRESTRESSED AND PRECAST
 WIDTH 300MM TO 2400MM
 HOLLOW CORED SLAB 300MM TO 600MM
 SPAN ABOVE 5M
 THICKNESS 40MM

 LIMITATIONS
 LOW THERMAL COMFORT
 NOT FLEXIBLE DESIGN
 THERMAL INSULATION REQUIRED

TILES OVER BAMBOO BANGALORE TILES

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006 SLIDE - 15/16
• Thank you

NIT PATNA / DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING / NEERAJ PATEL / 225AR006