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TITLE “Agricultural Waste Recycling ”

Group Members
Muhammad Anas 18PWCHE1313
Muhammad Ibrahim 18PWCHE1311
Safiullah Khan 18PWCHE1312
Afaq Ahmad 18PWCHE1352
Hamza 18PWCHE1353
Muhammad Ali 18PWCHE1354

University of Engineering and Technology

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Peshawar
Dated 17th June, 2022
 SYNOPSIS
 Introduction

 Problem Statement

 Solution to problem Statement

 Factors involved in this project

 References

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 INTRODUCTION
 World is dependent on fossil fuels such as oil, coal, natural gas.

 Demand for fossil fuels is increasing, but environmental concerns

with them are enormous.

 Search for Alternatives is needed

 Agriculture waste includes grasses, sawdust, wood chips, rice

straw, wheat straw, corn straw and sugarcane bagasse.

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 Technologies available includes:
.

 Physical Treatment
1. Combustion
2. Pyrolysis

 Chemical Treatment

 Biological Treatment
I. Anaerobic digestion
II. Fermentation

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Pyrolysis
.

 Conversion process involves heating BIOMASS at temperature

of 300°C in the absence of Oxygen.

 High temperature produce volatile compounds which can be

cooled by condensation. The liquid fuel [ bioethanol ]resulting
from this process can be stored and subsequently used for various
heating and electricity generation applications.

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 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 IEA foresees that energy consumption will rise by 40% up to 2030,
as the population growth will go beyond 10 billion by the year
2050 [1].

 Million tonnes of agricultural remains are available and farmers

tend to burn them in field which again cause environmental
pollution [2].

 442 billion litres of bioethanol can be made from Lignocellulosic

biomass per year [3].

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SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM ADDRESSED
 Biofuel production will not only reduce fossil fuel dependency
but will also eliminate Hazardous emissions to environment.

 Agricultural wastes such as rice straw, wheat straw, grasses,

sugarcane straw etc are produces heavily in villages and can
be converted to various biofuels i-e Bioethanol.

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.

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PROCESS DESIGN

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FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THIS
ENTREPRENEURIAL PROJECT
1)Location
 Raw material availability

 Infrastructure

 Utilities

 Demand of public

 Man availability

By considering above, GADOON INDUSTRIAL STATE SWABI

is selected for this project

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2)ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE

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3) Market Analysis

 Price of Products( lower at initial stages )

 Promotion [ Website creation, Social Media, Flaxes etc ]

 People [ Local people, People related to energy sector ]

 Competitors

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4) Cost Estimation

 Cost estimation is done in order to calculate money needed for

.

I. Fixed Capital Investment

II. Working Capital investment
III. Total Capital cost
IV. Direct cost
V. Indirect cost
VI. Material Cost

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 .

4)Equipment cost including

 Dryer …. $ 1000
 Grinder …. $ 1000
 Storage tank … $ 1000

 Reactor … $ 1000

 Separator …. $ 1000

 Condenser …. $ 1000

 Cyclone [ Literature ] ….$ 1000

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ii) Utilities Cost
.

 Steam cost

 Electricity cost

 Waste heat recovery

 Waste water treatment

Total capital cost

Total capital cost can be determined from fixed capital cost
and working capital=$ 30,000.

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FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
From where to achieve Funds?

o Investors

o Bank loans

o Family Support

o Personal Funds

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o Government assistance
CONCLUSION
 Agriculture waste recycling is a major Chemical project.
 Fossil fuels dependency will be reduced.

 Elimination of hazardous substances will be reduced.

 It will bring economic development of our society as

well as in our country.
 There will be more job creation for remote villagers.

 Distribution of wealth will occur.

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REFERENCES
 Abbi M, Kuhad RC, Singh A (1996) Fermentation of
xylose and rice straw hydrolysate to ethanol by Candida
shehatae NCL-3501. J Indus Microbiol 17:20–23.
 Bilgen S, Kaygusuz K, Sari A (2004) Renewable energy
for a clean and sustainable future. Energy Sources
26(12):1119–1129.
 Li LJ, Wang Y, Zhang Q et al (2008) Wheat straw
burning and its associated impacts on Beijing air quality.
Sci China Ser D: Earth Sci 51:403–414

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