A Safety Restraint System of an

Automobile

PRESENTED BY:
P.PRANAV REDDY
19D41A0358
 INTRODUCTION TO AIRBAGS

 An air bag is an inflatable cushion designed to

protect automobile occupants from serious
injury in the case of a collision.
 The air bag is also known as an air cushion
restraint system (ACRS) or an air bag
supplemental restraint system (SRS).
 This is because the air bag is designed to
supplement the protection offered by seat
belts. 
A car air bag
 DEVELOPMENT OF AIR BAGS

First patent on an inflatable crash-landing device for airplanes was filed during
World War II.

In the 1980’s the first commercial air bags appeared in automobiles.

Ever since 1988, it became a binding.

Efforts to adapt the airbag was stranded due to prohibitive prices and technical
hurdles.
 What are Airbags ?
 Supplementary Restraint System for driver and/or passenger safety
in case of a crash.
 Basic Mechanism: A thin nylon bag in the steering wheel / above
glove compartment inflates in the event of an impact and prevents
the driver/passenger from hitting the steering wheel/dashboard.
 3 Main Components:
1) Airbag module
2) Diagnostic Unit
3) Crash sensors
 Diagnostic Unit
 Enables inflator unit and sensors when vehicle is turned on, performs self check.
 Constantly monitors airbag readiness and indicates malfunctioning through an
indicator on dashboard
 Usually stores electricity to activate airbag in the event that a crash damages the
battery / link to battery

AIR BAG MODULE

• Contains both inflator unit and light-weight fabric airbag and is located either
inside:
1) Steering wheel hub
2) Above glove compartment
3) Near side compartment (as separate/combined head/side/window-curtain
airbag)
 SENSORS
 Several crash sensors located in the front of vehicle and in the passenger
compartment
 Each senses the sudden deceleration or impact in the event of a crash and
flips a mechanical switch to indicate a crash.

BALL AND MAGNET TYPE SENSOR SPRING AND ROLLER TYPE

 WORKING OF AIRBAGS
 Air Bags are designed to inflate in frontal impacts in which the car strikes
about 16 Kilometers per hour .
 After collision , sensors sends an electric current to igniter system.
 The electric current heats a filament (wire), which ignites a
capsule which in turn ignites the gas-generating pallets.
 The gas expands quickly and inflation of airbags thereby takes
place, which breaks through a plastic cover in the steering wheel
 The whole process takes about 0.1 second
Final assembly of air bag module
 The air bag is then mounted to the
tested inflator assembly.
 Next, the air bag is folded, and the
breakaway plastic horn pad cover is
installed.
 Finally, the completed module
assembly is inspected, tested and
packaged.

Assembly of an air bag module

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 INFLATION SYSTEM

NaN3 + KNO3 = produce large volume of nitrogen

gas.

Hot Blasts of the nitrogen inflate the air bag from its
storage site up to 322Kmph.
 AIR BAG DEPLOYMENT

The airbag system ignites a solid

propellant (NaN3), which burns
extreme rapidly to create a large
volume of Nitrogen gas to inflate
Before deployment After deployment the bag. The bag then
literally bursts from its storage
site and a second later, the gas
quickly dissipates through tiny
holes in the bag, thus
deflating the bag.
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A front air bag deployed A side air bag deployed

 FUTURE OF AIR BAGS
SMART SYSTEMS
 Weight Sensors:
 Determine what type of occupant is in the seat, i.e. adult or child.
 Infrared Occupant detection:
 To detect the distance the passenger is from the airbag.
 Capacitive Reflective Occupant Sensing:
 Identify the distance passengers from the dashboard.
 To discriminate between a human occupant and inanimate objects.
Updated sensors :

• Deploys the seat belt pretensioners faster to get benefits

of the airbags.

Centralized electronic Control Unit:

• The new sensor technology through new software.

 CONCLUSION

 Air bags are of greater importance in today’s vehicles since

safety of human life is of prior importance.
 So far safe riding and for saving the precious life the safety
bags must be implemented.
 Let’s hope every automobile manufacturer implement the
same.
THANK YOU !!