COMMON NEONATAL

NOMENCLATURES, CLASSIFICATION
AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A
NORMAL TERM NEONATE AND HIGH-
RISK NEONATE

PRESENTED BY : ROLL NO.- 68,69,70

 DEFINITIONS

• NEONATAL PERIOD : It refers to the period of less than 28

days after birth. Early neonatal period refers to the period
before 7 days of age. Late neonatal period refers to the period
from completion of 7 days up to 28 days of life.

• PERINATAL PERIOD : Commences from 22 weeks (154

days) of gestation (the time when the birth weight is 500 g),
and ends at 7 completed days after birth.
• Live birth : A product of conception, irrespective of weight or
gestational age, that, after separation from the mother, shows
any evidence of life such as breathing, heart-beat, pulsation of
umbilical cord or definite movement of voluntary muscles.

• Still-birth : Fetal death at a gestational age of 22 weeks or

more or weighing more than 500 g at birth.
 CLASSIFICATION OF NEONATE
ACCORDING TO BIRTH WEIGHT
• BIRTH WEIGHT - Birth weight is the first weight (recorded in grams) of a
live or dead product of conception, taken after complete expulsion or
extraction from its mother. This weight should be measured within 24
hours of birth; preferably within its first hour of live itself before
significant postnatal weight loss has occurred.

• LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) - Birth weight of less than 2500 gm

• VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (VLBW) - Birth weight of less than 1500
gm
• EXTREMEY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (ELBW) - Birth weight of less than
1000 gm
 CLASSIFICATION OF NEONATE
ACCORDING TO PERIOD OF GESTATION

• GESTATIONAL AGE (best estimate) - The duration of

gestation is measured from the first day of the last normal
menstrual period. Gestational age is expressed in completed
days or completed weeks.

• PRETERM - Gestational age of less than 37 completed weeks

(i.e. less than 259 days)
• TERM - Gestational age of 37 to less than 42 completed
weeks (i.e. 259 to 293 days)
• POST TERM - Gestational age of 42 completed weeks or
more (i.e. 294 days or more).
CLASSIFICATION OF NEONATE ACCORDING
TO INTRAUTERINE GROWTH PERCENTILES
 DEFINITIONS

• Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) - Deaths of infants under the

first 28 days of life per 1000 live births per year.

• Perinatal mortality ratio (PNMR). Number of perinatal deaths

(stillbirths plus neonatal deaths before 7 days of life) per 1000
live births. It is designated as a ratio since the numerator is not
part of the denominator. (For rate, like in NMR, numerator is
part of denominator.)
 NORMAL TERM NEONATE

• Normal neonate for the purpose of this protocol has been defined as:
• Birth weight of 2500 g or more and gestation of 37 weeks or
• more
• No major malformations or birth trauma
• Birth weight between 10th to 90th percentile as per AIMS intrauterine
growthcharts'
• Absence of maternal illness or intrapartum event that may put a
neonate at risk of illness (e.g, gestational diabetes, antepartum
hemorrhageetc)
• Normal Apgar scores; no need for resuscitation at birth
• No postnatal illness such as respiratory distress, sepsis,
dyselectrolytemia, hypoglycemia or polycythemia
 HIGH RISK NEONATE

An 'at-risk' neonate has one or more of the following features:

• Weight 1500-2499g
• Temperature (axillary) 36.0°C-36.4°C
• Babies with moderate or severe hypothermia who respond to warming
• Cried late (>1min) but within 5 minutes of birth
• Sucking poor, but not absent
• Depressed sensorium, but is arousable
• Respiratory rate of over 60 per minute, but no chest retractions
• Jaundice present, but no staining of palms/soles
• Presence of any one of the following:
• Diarrhea or vomiting or abdominal distension
Umbilicus draining pus or pustules on skin
• Fever
Thank You