Parallel System

Advance Operating System and

MSIT
101 Networking
Presented by:

GABATO, Nicolas Jr; LACHICA, Oscar Ian; MORPOS, Ivy

PARALLEL SYSTEM
Parallel systems are designed to decrease the execution time
of programs by portioning them into various fragments and
processing these fragments simultaneously, these systems
can also be known as tightly coupled systems. A parallel
system can deal with multiple processors, machines,
computers, or CPUs etc. by forming a parallel processing
bundle or a combination of both entities.

MSIT 101 Advance Operating System and Networking

PARALLEL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
As it would be expected, these parallel systems, are more
difficult to program than single processors because the
architecture of they are comprised of, which includes many
CPUs, as opposed to one. All the CPUs in the system must
be coordinated and synchronised together.
The models below have become the most popular ways of
programming to build parallel systems, they include
asynchronous processes with shared memory.

MSIT 101 Advance Operating System and Networking

PARALLEL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The models below have become the most popular ways of
programming to build parallel systems, they include asynchronous
processes with shared memory.
Single instruction stream, single data stream (SISD) (sequential
programming)
Single instruction stream, multiple data streams (SIMD)
Multiple instruction streams, single data stream (MISD)
Multiple instruction streams, multiple data streams (MIMD)

MSIT 101 Advance Operating System and Networking

FLYNN CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
According to Processor According to Stream

MSIT 101 Advance Operating System and Networking

1.) Single Instruction Stream, Single Data
Stream (SISD) (Sequential Programming)
 An SISD computing system is a uniprocessor machine which is
capable of executing a single instruction, operating on a single data
stream. In SISD, machine instructions are processed in a sequential
manner and computers adopting this model are popularly called
sequential computers. Most conventional computers have SISD
architecture. All the instructions and data to be processed have to
be stored in primary memory.
 The speed of the processing element in the SISD model is limited
(dependent) by the rate at which the computer can transfer
information internally. Dominant representative SISD systems are
IBM PC, workstations.

MSIT 101 Advance Operating System and Networking

1.) Single Instruction Stream, Single Data
Stream (SISD) (Sequential Programming)
 The speed of the processing element in the SISD
model is limited (dependent) by the rate at which the
computer can transfer information internally.
Dominant representative SISD systems are IBM PC,
workstations.
 Instructions are decoded by the Control Unit and
then the Control Unit sends the instructions to the
processing units for execution.
 Data Stream flows between the processors and
memory bi-directionally.

MSIT 101 Advance Operating System and Networking

1.) Single Instruction Stream, Single Data
Stream (SISD) (Sequential Programming)

 Data Stream flows between the processors and memory bi-

directionally.
 This type of stream correlates to the Von Neumann
architecture, as a single uni-core system processor will
execute only a single stream, to operate on data stored in
single memory.
 Examples include older traditional uniprocessor machines
such as older personal computers PC (for instance early 2000
models), (PCs by 2010, had multiple cores) and mainframe
computers.

MSIT 101 Advance Operating System and Networking

2.) Single Instruction Stream, Multiple Data
Stream (SIMD)
 An SIMD system is a multiprocessor machine capable of
executing the same instruction on all the CPUs but
operating on different data streams. Machines based on
an SIMD model are well suited to scientific computing
since they involve lots of vector and matrix operations.
So that the information can be passed to all the
processing elements (PEs) organized data elements of
vectors can be divided into multiple sets (N-sets for N
PE systems) and each PE can process one data set.
 Many functional units will execute different operations
on the same data stream. This architecture is generally
used in fault tolerant environments.

MSIT 101 Advance Operating System and Networking

2.) Single Instruction Stream, Multiple Data
Stream (SIMD)
 Dominant representative SIMD systems is Cray’s vector
processing machine.
 All processors receive the same instruction from the
control unit but operate on different items of data.
 The shared memory unit must contain multiple modules
so that it can communicate with all the processors
simultaneously.
 SIMD is mainly dedicated to array processing machines.
However, vector processors can also be seen as a part of
this group.
 It represents an organization that includes many
processing units under the supervision of a common
control unit.
 An example is the Space Shuttle flight control computer.

MSIT 101 Advance Operating System and Networking

 Widescreen Test Pattern (16:9)

Aspect Ratio
Test
(Should appear
circular)

4x3

16x9