VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI-590014, KARNATAKA 1

PROJECT REPORT ON

“PYROLYSIS EFFECT OF PLASTIC WASTE OR POLYTHENE”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of
Engineering In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by,
A R Sudhanva 1JS19ME002
Bharath S 1JS19ME017
Bimal B M 1JS19ME018
M Aswin 1JS19ME042

Under the guidance of,

Dr. Devappa
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering

JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi.
All UG programs are Accredited by the National Board of Accreditation (NBA), New Delhi.
Recognized under 2(f) University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi.
Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) Belagavi, Karnataka. Recognized by Govt. of Karnataka.
 PYROLYSIS OF PLASTIC
Team members
AR Sudhanva Bharath S Bimal B M M Aswin
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ABSTRACT
•Pyrolysis of plastics is one of the efficient ways to recover plastic waste. Pyrolysis refers to a thermal
degradation of long-chain organic molecules into smaller hydrocarbons.

•Many ongoing research studies are trying to gain a better understanding of the pyrolysis technology with the aim
of establishing new industrial processes for plastic recycling.

•The pyrolysis process can thermally degrade plastics or a mixture of biomass and plastics in the absence of
oxygen. Temperature has the most impact on pyrolysis.

•In conclusion, the study offers a comprehensive overview of plastic pyrolysis progress, which will remain a
major area of research for chemists and engineers in the coming decade and a powerful tool for environmental
management.
CONTENT
Introduction​
Literature Survey
​Problem definition
Objectives and methodology
​Summary
References​
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INTRODUCTION

PRODUCTION RECYCLING METHODS PLASTIC PRODUCTION

&RECYCLING OF PLASTICS
CHARTS
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INTRODUCTION
• In the last few decades, the world wide plastic production has made an explosive growth.

• The production of synthetic polymers like polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), has increased
more than 100 times.
• The upsurge in plastics consumption has raised the critical question of plastic waste management and a proper
addressing of the problem is needed.
• There are several practices in modern waste management handling. The most common principles are reduce, reuse,
and recycle .
• Among many recycling methods, pyrolysis is one of the prominent methods for plastic wastes management.
Presentation title 7

LITERATURE SURVEY
SL.NO Project name & Author description
publication year
1. M.fAli reported that the high yields of liquid fuels in the boiling range
100°C–480°C and gases were obtained along with a small
amount of heavy oils and insoluble material such as gums and
coke. The results obtained on the co-processing of
polypropylene with coal and petroleum residues are very
encouraging as this method appears to be quite feasible to
convert plastic materials into liquefied coal products and to
upgrade the petroleum residues and waste plastics.

2. Miskolczi Investigated the pyrolysis of real waste plastics (high-density

polyethylene and polypropylene) in a pilot scale horizontal tube
reactor at 520 °C temperature in the presence and absence of ZSM-5
catalyst. It was found that the yields of gases, gasoline and light oil
could be increased in the presence of catalyst. They also concluded
that the plastic wastes could be converted into gasoline and light oil
with yields of 20–48% and 17–36% respectively depending on the
used parameters.
Presentation title 8

SL NO. Project name & Author description

publication year

3. F murfyk from the recent literature, it is evident that the process of converting waste
plastic to reusable oil is a current research topic, preparation of blends of
diesel with varying proportions of waste plastic oil produced from the
thermal pyrolysis and the analysis of viscosity and density of these blends
is presented. The feasibility of the waste plastic oils derived from PVC
plastics as an alternate fuel for transportation is also checked by
conducting performance test on a single cylinder Kirlosker diesel engine
equipped with electrical loading at 50% of the engine maximum load i.e.,
at 3.7 kW.

4. Pyrolysis of waste Feng Gao, In the final stage, a continuous pyrolysis apparatus were designed
plastic into and manufactured based on the results and the information
fuels,University of collected from the work performed during the first two stages.
The aim of this continuous apparatus was to convert LDPE and
Canterbury 2010
mixture of PE, PP and PS into gas and liquid fuels with
maximizing the diesel range product.
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
• The growth of the plastic consumption has been occurring rapidly due to its light weight and non-corrosive
behavior / non-biodegradable.
• However the great number of consumption would increase the product of plastics waste which led to
environmental problem.
• recycling and recovering method have been used to minimize the environmental impact and to reduce damage of
plastic waste.
• The production method for conversion of plastic waste in to the useful petroleum products is based on pyrolysis of
plastic waste and condensation of the resulting hydrocarbon based petroleum fuel. Pyrolysis refers to the thermal
decomposition of the matter under an inert gas like nitrogen, followed by cracking using suitable catalyst.
Polyethylene, Polypropylene and Polystyrene plastic will be preferably used in this project as feedstock in the
production of liquid Hydrocarbons.
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OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of this study were to
• Understand and optimize the processes of plastic pyrolysis for maximizing
the oil products, and to design a continuous pyrolysis apparatus as a semi-
scale commercial plant.
• Plastic waste management.
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METHODOLOGY
1.Identification of waste plastics. (PE/PP/PS/LDPE/HDPE)

2.Subjecting the waste plastic for pyrolysis process.

3.Condensation of the gas to obtain raw fuel.

4.Conversion of raw fuel into its pure form (diesel etc) by the process of distillation.
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METHODOLOGY- PYROLYSIS PROCESS

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• Shows a schematic presentation of a pyrolytic plant for biomass pyrolysis. The screw feeder feeds the biomass to
the pyrolysis chamber.
• The gas burner supplies the required heat to raise the temperature of the feed to 300–600°C. Then, the biomass
begins to degrade to the gaseous and the solid products.
• The gases contain high-density components that are condensable, and low-density components that are not
condensable at ambient temperature and pressure.
• The solid particles contain ashes and char. In the case of virgin thermoplastics, such as polypropylene (PP) and
polyethylene (PE), the solid products only contain char and waxes. The same process is also used for plastics
pyrolysis.
SUMMARY 14

It is very difficult to find out alternative of plastic. Even plastic´s demand is increasing every day as well as
their waste. This project analysis has observed the use of waste plastics, a factory planning and its feasibility in
Cosmopolitan City. It is easily assumed that, when the use of waste plastic will increase then the solid waste
management will search more ways to find out to collect them. The implementation of this project can develop
so many opportunities in the city. It can be a solution to control waste plastic, develop a new technique or idea,
and detect the source of diesel for the country. Bangladesh is such a country where this kind of project could
be very promising and effective in the future The use of plastic pyrolysis oil in diesel engine in the aspect of
technical and economical is compared and found that oil is able to replace the diesel oil.Though the plastic
pyrolysis oil offers lower engine performance, the plastic waste amount is enormous and it needed to be
process to reduce the environmental problems. Moreover, the engine can be modify follow the combustion
condition of plastic pyrolysis oil.
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