ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

COLLAGE OF ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

LECTURE ON INTRODUCTION TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(EmTe1108)
2-3
B.Y : M.A

Addis Ababa/Ethiopia
Second semester 2022
 Course Learning Outcome ( CLO)
At the end of the course the student will be able to do:
CLO1:Identify, explain, and differentiate all industrial revolutions
CLO2: Explain, identify and differentiate data science, artificial intelligence, internet of
things and augmented reality
CLO3: Apply the big data, artificial intelligence, and internet of things concepts in different
sectors
CLO4:Explain the advantages and disadvantages of emerging technologies such as big data,
artificial intelligence, internet of things and augmented reality
CLO5:Explain and use ethics and professionalism in emerging technologies
CLO6:Explain and differentiate other emerging technologies such as nanotechnology,
biotechnology, quantum computing, computer vision, cybersecurity, and 3D printing
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
 Evolution of Technologies
 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
 The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
 List of some Programmable devices
 Human to Machine Interaction
 Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
 Some emerging technologies that will shape the future of you and your business
 Review Questions
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 2: DATA SCIENCE
 An Overview of Data Science
 What are data and information?
 Data Processing Cycle
 Data types and their representation
 Data value Chain
 Basic concepts of big data
 Hadoop Ecosystem
 Review Questions
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 3: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
 What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Need for Artificial Intelligence
 Goals of Artificial Intelligence
 What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
 History of AI
 Levels of AI
 Types of AI
 How humans think Vs AI
 Influencers of artificial intelligence
 Applications of AI
 AI tools and platforms
 Some examples of AI application
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 4: INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
 Overview of IoT
 Important features of IoT
 History of IoT
 IoT − Advantages and Disadvantages
 Challenges of IoT
 How does it work?
 Architecture of IoT
 Devices and Networks
 IoT Tools and Platforms
 Application of IoT in Home, cities and farming
 Review Questions
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 5: AUGMENTED REALITY (AR)
 Overview of augmented reality
 Virtual Reality (VR)
 Augmented Reality (AR)
 Mixed Reality (MR)
 Virtual reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) vs Mixed reality (MR)
 The architecture of AR Systems
 Challenges in AR
 Applications of AR Systems
 Review Questions
 Table of Contents
CHAPTER- 6 ETHICS AND PROFESSIONALISM OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

 Technology and ethics

 Digital privacy

 Accountability and Trust

 Treats and Challenges

 Review Question
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 7: OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
 Nanotechnology
 Biotechnology
 Blockchain technology
 Cloud and quantum computing
 Autonomic computing
 Computer vision
 Embedded systems
 Cyber security
 Additive manufacturing (3D Printing)
 Review Question
Textbook and reference:
1.Follett, J. (2014). Designing for Emerging Technologies: UX for Genomics, Robotics,
and the Internet of Things: O'Reilly Media
2. Vong, J., and Song, I. (2014). Emerging Technologies for Emerging Markets:
Springer Singapore
3. Del Rosal, V. (2015). Disruption: Emerging Technologies and the Future of Work.
Emtechub.
4. Sadiku, M. N. O. (2019). Emerging Internet-Based Technologies: CRC Press.
5. Mohamed Anis Bach Tobji, Rim Jallouli, Yamen Koubaa, Anton Nijholt Digital
Economy. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation, 2018
Assessment
 Assignment /Quiz /Attendance/presentation 20%
 Test 30 %
 Final Exam 50%
 INTRODUCTION TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Brainstorming
Can you define or give an example for emerging technology ?
1.1 Emerging Technology Concepts
 Technology?
 The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes (e.g. industry)
 The sum of techniques, skills, methods and process for production of goods and services
 Tools and machines that may be used to solve real-world problems.
 Emerging Technology?
 Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new technology
 But it may also refer to the continuing development of existing technology
 Commonly refers to technologies that are currently developing, or that are expected
to be available within the next five to ten years.
 It is usually reserved for technologies that are creating or are expected to create
significant social or economic effects
Cont. . .
 In general Emerging Technology refers to the technological evolution which is
a theory of radical transformation of society through technological
development.
Evolution?
The process of developing by gradual processes.
Example: Cellular Communication Evolution
 Currently available emerged technologies

Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
IoT
5-G
Biometrics
3D printing
Source: internet
Cloud Computing
Big Data
1.2 Industrial Revolution (IR)
 Industrial revolution is defined as the changes in manufacturing, communication and
transportation that began with fewer things being made by hand but instead made using
machines in larger-scale factories

 Begin during the late 1700s and early 1800s

 The revolution started in England (to increase food production, agriculture revolution)

 The IR was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and homes
to large factories.
 This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to big cities in
order to work.
 IR is described as a transition to new manufacturing processes.
Cont.… . The most common Inventions of the IR
 Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The Airplane.

 Communication: Telegraph, Transatlantic Cable, Phonograph, Telephone.

 Industry: Cotton Gin, Sewing Machine, Electric Lights.

Cont.… .
 The four types of industries:
1. Primary industry:
 involves getting raw material
 e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
2. Secondary industry:
 involves manufacturing
 e.g. making cars and steel.
3. Tertiary industries:
 provide a service
 e.g. teaching and nursing.
4. Quaternary industry:
 Involves research and development industries
 e.g. IT
The 4 IRs’

Early life style of Human Being

 Hunting, getting a catch fruit and vegetable,
and others
 Does not settles down at one place.

IR 1.0 (Agriculture Revolution)

 Going from hand production methods to
machines, the increasing use of steam power
 Transition from a hunting-and-gathering
society to one based on stationary farming
The 4 IRs’
IR 2.0 (Technological/industry Revolution)
 Development of methods for manufacturing interchangeable
parts
 Adoption of pre-existing technological systems such as telegraph
and railroad networks.
 Vast movement of people and ideas, enhancing communication.
 New technological systems
 electrical power
 telephones
 seed drill and new fertilizers
 The 4 IRs’
IR 3.0 (Digital/information Revolution)
 Shift towards digitalization
 The transition from mechanical and analog electronic
technology to digital electronics
 Mass production and use of digital logic circuits
 Technologies such as
 Computer system, hand-phones and the Internet
 Digital revolution was driven by three factors:
 information-based occupations, Cheap personal
computers , The Internet

IR 4.0 (knowledge/Smart revolution)

 Advancements in various technologies such as Artificial
Intelligence (AI), robotics, Internet of Things (IoT), Big data
 Additive manufacturing and autonomous vehicles
 Cyber-physical system - a mechanism that is controlled or
monitored by computer-based algorithms
1.3 Role of data for Emerging Technologies

Data

 The new oil and strategic asset since we are living in the age of big data

 Data drives or even determines the future of science, technology, the economy, and possibly
everything in our world today and tomorrow.
The reshaping and paradigm shifting is driven not just by data itself but all other aspects that
could be created, transformed, and/or adjusted by understanding, exploring, and utilizing
data.
Emerging technologies – result of data intensive scientific discovery
 Fourth industrial revolution.

The potential of data science and analytics to enable data-driven theory, economy, and
professional development is increasingly being recognized.
Cont…
The world is full of data. Every action that you do is data. Every word you speak is a
data. You walk, you dance, you speak, you sleep, you study, everything is data.
So, data acts as an input and in this world, whatever systems exist, it will take data as
an input.
1.4 Enabling device and networks for Emerging Technologies

 The basic digital devices that enables emerging technology includes

1.Memory devices – used store random information as a spreadsheet or database.
2.Microprocessors - execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of tasks
 E.g. running a word processing program or video game
3.Logic devices - provide specific functions, including device-to-device interfacing, data
communication, signal processing, data display, timing and control operations etc.
 Logic devices can be classified into two broad categories - fixed and programmable
 Fixed logic devices – contain fixed circuits and permanent,
 Perform one function or set of functions
 Once manufactured, they cannot be changed.
 Programmable logic devices (PLD) – used to build reconfigurable digital circuits
 Does not designed for specific functionality
 must be programmed before used, so that it reconfigured by using a specialized program
 Cont…
4. Network: is collection of computers, servers,
mainframes, network devices, peripherals connected
together to allow sharing of data or other resources.
The Internet is the biggest network we have.
Programmable devices are chips that incorporate:
Field Programmable logic devices (FPGAs),
Complex programmable logic devices (CPLD), and
Programmable logic devices (PLD).
There are also devices that are the analog
equivalent of these called field programmable
analog arrays
Cont…
Computer:
 Is the most common programmable device: it can be programmed to follow a
set of instructions and produce some results.
 Has different types depending on their purposes
Small computers (many electronic devices we use such as calculators,
phones, …) perform only one or small number of operations, but still they
are programmed to follow a certain set of instructions to achieve that.
List of some Programmable devices
Achronix Speedster SPD60
Actel’s
Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
Silicon Blue Technologies
Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
Xmos Semiconductor L series
 Network-related equipment's
(Service Enabling Devices) (SEDs)
 Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
 Modems
 Routers
 Switches
 Conferencing equipment
 Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
 Hosting equipment and servers
 Human to Machine Interaction
 Refers to the communication and interaction between a human and a machine via a
user interface.
 Natural interfaces becoming so common: devices are capable of understanding some of
human gestures.
 HCI – is the study of how people interact with computers and to what extent could
computers interact with human beings successfully.
 Human to Machine Interaction (HMI) is also sometimes called Human to Computer
Interaction (HCI)
 HCI improves the interaction between users and computers by making computers more
user-friendly and receptive to the user's needs.
 …Human to Machine Interaction
Three components in HCI:
The user
The computer
The interaction (how they interact with each other).
Users interact with computers using input/output devices
Displays – displaying graphical user interfaces which the user could use to
send commands to the computer or receive results from the computer
Input devices (KB, mouse) allowing inputs to computer
Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information processing, performance prediction,
cooperative working, and capabilities.
Computer science: Including graphics, technology, prototyping tools, user interface
management systems.
Linguistics.
Engineering and design.
Artificial intelligence.
Human factors.
 Future emerging technologies
Emerging technologies that will shape the future of us and our business are:
 Chatbots,
 Virtual/augmented reality,
 Blockchain,
 Ephemeral Apps and
 Artificial Intelligence
Summary Questions
1. What is Emerging Technology?
2. Given an example of currently emerged and future trends of emerging technologies.
3. Mention the most important inventions of industrial revolutions?
4. List and discuss the 4 Industrial revolutions.
5. What is the Role of Data for Emerging Technologies?
6. List out programmable devices and discuss their features
7. What id HCI (Human-Computer Interaction)?
8. Write disciplines that contribute to Human-Computer Interaction
Thank you!