“Walk

Throug
h
History
”
“Your failure in life come from not
realizing your nearness to success when
you give up”
LIFE THOUGHTS

“Never regret a day in your life. Good days

give you happiness, bad days give you
experience, both are essential to life”
Have you been
curious of when
and where did life
possibly start on
earth?
 What is Geologic Time Scale?

Serves as the calendar for events in

Earth’s history
Serves as standard time line used to
describe the age of rocks, fossils and
the events that formed them
Examples of geologic time scale

GTS
of
the
Eart
h
Basis for Geologic Time Scale
Relative Dating- first basis for geologic
time scale
Radiometric dating- numerical dates of
rocks were determined
Index Fossils- Use of marker fossils
leading to determination of organisms
predominantly living at a certain time and
age
TIMELINE OF APPEARANCE OF LIFE FORMS

Zircon Crystal Cynobacteria

 Homo erectus

Homo Erectus

Homo sapiens
 Stromatollites

Cephalopods
 Have you been curious of when and
where did life possibly start on Earth?
During the 1800s geologists and
naturalists found several forms of physical
evidence that confirmed that Earth is very
old.
Based on the evidence, it is believed that
the Earth formed about 4.54 ± 0.05 billion
years ago by accretion from the solar
nebula. The scientists believed that the
earth is about 4.6 billion years.
 Fossils of ancient sea life on dry land far
from oceans,
This supported the idea that the earth changed
over time and some dry land today was once
covered by oceans;

Trilobite fossil Fish Fossil

The many layers of rocks
Allowed the people to realize that rock layers
represent the order in which rocks and fossils, thus
they were able to trace the history of Earth
 The indications that volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, and erosion
That happened long ago shaped much of
the earth’s surface and supported the
idea of an older Earth
 What are the different divisions of the
GTS?

The Geologic Time Scale divides

Earth’s history into different time units
based on major biological and
geological events
• EONS
• ERAS
• PERIODS
• EPOCHS
 EONS
The longest units of time
The first three eons are group
together and referred to as
Precambrian Time
The most recent eon is
divided into eras and periods
 ERAS
The Phanerozoic EON is divided into 3
ERAS
Paleozoic- 544 to 245 mya
(million years old)
Mesozoic- 245-65 mya
Cenozoic- 65 mya-present
 PERIODS AND EPOCHS
Periods are the subdivisions within eras
that span tens of millions of years. There are
a different number of periods within each
era. For example, the Paleozoic has seven
different periods, while the Mesozoic has
three.
Epochs are smaller subdivisions in the
periods of geologic time that span several
millions of years. Some epochs have also
been subdivided into ages.
 What is the biggest time frame in the
GTS?

Eons are the largest divisions of geologic time

scale spanning millions to billions of years. The
oldest three eons make up nearly 90% of
geologic time and are often referred to as
the Precambrian Time. There is minimal fossil
evidence for most of this time since the living
organisms at the time were microscopic.
 What is the smallest time frame in the
GTS

Epochs are smaller
subdivisions in the periods
of geologic time that span
several millions of years.
Some epochs have also
been subdivided into ages.
 How might extinctions affect the evolution of organisms
that survive the event?

The general idea is that many extinction events

might lead to an increase in adaptability.
Extinction promotes life's evolution by making
way for new species. An average number of
species every year, century, or millennium
become extinct if the number of species that
become extinct over lengthy periods of time is
basically consistent. Extinction plays an
important role in the evolution of life because it
opens up opportunities for new species to
 In what ways have geologic changes influenced evolutionary
events and/or extinctions?

Through out history, Earth’s climate has changed drastically . At

times it has been covered an ice, and other times, it’s had been hot
and ocean levels rose. These changes effect biological evolution.
Some species cannot survive in the changing environment and
become extinct. Meteorite impacts, like volcanic eruptions, can
significantly modify the climate and result in significant changes in
Earth's species, including mass extinctions. The global extinction
that killed out the dinosaurs at the end of the Mesozoic Era is really
thought to have been caused by a very big meteor impact close to
the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico.

The evolution of life is brought
about the changes in the
environment which are linked to
change in climate and geology.
These environment changes made
the Earth’s environment more
suitable for a wider variety of life
forms
 How does the length of the history of life help to explain the
evolution of single-celled organisms to complex organisms like
mammals?

Through the study of the history of life, it revealed

that there were living organism that became
extinct brought by environmental conditions. In
recent times, there are news on various species
that underwent this process. Enumerate flora
(plants) and fauna (animals) that become extinct
that become extinct and the reasons for this
inexistence
 Do you think the GTS will still change?
Defend your answer?

Yes , We believe that GTS will change. As a time goes,

The time scale is continuously being updated as we learn
more about the timing and nature of past geological
events. Geological processes are extremely slow.
However, because of the immense lengths of time
involved, huge physical changes do occur – mountains
are created and destroyed, continents form, break up
and move over the surface of the Earth, coastlines
change and rivers and glaciers erode huge valleys.
DID
YOU
KNOW?
Interesting facts about the origins of life
• There is more metabolic diversity among the two
kingdoms of prokaryotes then all the eukaryotes
combined

• Bacteria separated from achaea bacteria early on in

the history of life -2 to 3 B.Y.A.

• Fungi are more closely related to animal than they

are to plants

• Fungi and plants worked together to symbiotically

colonize land … which happened fairly recently on
the geologic time scale…..475 million years ago
• The earth was formed around 4.5 billion
years ago

• It took 500 million years for the crust to

solidify

• The oldest fossils of microorganism are 3.5

billion years old

• Oxygen began accumulating in the

atmosphere about 2.7 billion years ago
THANK YOU
for your
attention!
GROUP 5
Glycel Avelino
Kurstein Hilary Ruan
Roxanne Madali
John Andrei Nambio
Mark Joseph Caesar
Carl Arone Taladtad
Jiwell Montealegre