PHASES OF AGE

1.Proliferative phase : intra/uterine

extra/uterine till 25 years.

2.Static phase : 25 years till 44 years.

3.Retrogressive phase : after 44 years.

KROGMAN CLASSIFICATION
KROGMAN has divided skeletal development
into SEVEN periods for estimation of age.
Period 1 :Birth to 5 years
Period 2 : 5 years to 12 years
Period 3 : 12 years to 20 years
Period 4 : 20 years to 25 years
Period 5 : 25 years to 36 years
Period 6 : 36 years to 50 years
Period 7 : 5o years onwards
M/L imp of diff ages
1: INTRA UTERINE AGE

ISQAT – E – HAMAL : Less than 4 months

miscarriage

ISQAT – E – JANIN : More than 4 months

miscarriage

x ray
Cont.
ABORTION : less than 7 months

VIABILITY : 7 months ( diff of charge )

STILL BIRTH : more than 7 months (false charge

of infanticide)
2.EXTRA UTERINE AGE:

1.IDENTIFICATION :
a. Missing person
b. Dead body
2. AGE CIRTIFICATION :
Medico legal examination for
assualt,criminals, ,medical
cirtificate,jobs,marriage, examinations etc.
Cont.
3 .CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY:
Less than 7 years: no punishment. 82 ppc

7 – 12 years : understands nature of offence 83 ppc

Under 12 years : can not give consent for surgery 89 ppc

Under 18 years : can not give consent for wrestling

87ppc
Cont.
4.JUDICIAL PUNISHMENT:
juvenile offenders: Boys below 16 and girls
below 18 years are trialed by j.courts and on
conviction; handed over to
.To parents
.Rehabilitation centers
.Correctional schools for education
.kept for 18 and 20 years of age respectively
Cont.
5.KIDNAPPING :
.Child below 10 years to take property (369ppc)
.Boy below 16 and girl below 18 (361ppc)
.To sell or buy a girl for prostitution under 18
(366 A ppc)
.To import a girl for prostitution below 21
(366 B ppc)
Cont.
KIDNAPPING: 361 ppc
 Minor
 Unsound mind people
 With out consent of guardian
 It is an offence

ABDUCTION: 365 ppc

Adults
Auxiliary act unless done with bad intension
Cont.
6. RAPE :
.Below 15 years – even with wife
.other women below 16 years - even with
consent
.without consent women of any age.
7.MARRIAGE :
Girls below 18 years
Boys below 21 years
Can not do valid marriage contract
Cont.
8. STERILITY:
Body is sterile before puberty.
Male no upper limit
Females menopause
9.COMPETENCY AS WITNESS:
No age limit but the court has to decide
whether he has sufficient understanding so a
child can testify but adult insane can not.
cont.
10.MARRIAGE:
Girls below 18 years
Boys below 21 years can not make a valid
marriage contract
( 18 years for both ) ( menarche for girls)
11.ATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY:
On completing 18 years ,enjoys civil rights,
Responsibilities but cannot do property
transaction. Can be given capital punishment
CONT.
12.MINOR:
Cannot make a valid will, sell his property;
serve on a jury.
13.PROPERTY TRANSACTION:
At 21 years of age can do property transaction,
make a valid will and sell his property
14. INFANTICIDE:
Depends on viability 120 – 180 days
Cont.
15.EMPLOYMENT:
Govt service.18 – 25 years
Health /engineering. 18 – 35 years
Mine workers .above 17 years
Child labor .below 14 years
16.I /Q :
100 % at age of 15 years
Cont.
17.SCHOOL GOING AGE………………5 years
18.RETIREMENT………… ……………..60 years
19.CONTEST AN ELECTION…………22- 25 years
20.DRIVING LICENCE……………………18 years
21.HEAVY WT DRIVING LICENCE………21 years
22.I/D CAR…………………………………18 years
23.VOTING…………………………………18 years
GENERAL APPERANCE
 Complexion

 Facial characteristics

 Identification Marks
ANTHROPOMETRY
 BERTILLON SYSTEM
 Principle the measurement of human body
don’t change after 21 years of age and no two
persons show the same measurements in all
respect
 Registration of data has three systems
1. Descriptive data ( Color of hair, Iris,
Complexion, Shape of nose, Ear and Chin etc.)
2. Bodily marks ( Moles, Scars, Tattoo)
3. Body measurements ( Total 11 in number)
Cont..
1. Height standing
2. Height sitting
3. Length and width of head
4. Length and width of right ear
5. Span of out stretched hands
6. Length of left foot
7. Length of left middle finger
8. Length of left fore arm
9. Length of hand
10. Breadth of face
11. Height of trunk while sitting