PETE 7212

Well Completion
Design
Casing
Design
• Why Run Casing?
• Types of Casing Strings
• Classification of Casing
• Wellheads
• Burst, Collapse and Tension
• Example
• Effect of Axial Tension on Collapse
Strength
• Example
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 • Why run casing?
– To prevent the hole from collapsing.
– Onshore - to prevent contamination of fresh
water sands
– To prevent water migration to producing
formation
– To confine production to the wellbore
– To control pressures during drilling
– To provide an acceptable environment
for subsurface equipment in producing
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wells Louisiana State Unive
 – To confine production to the
wellbore.
– To control pressures during drilling.
– To provide an acceptable environment
for subsurface equipment in producing
wells.

• You need 14 ppg to control a lower zone,

but an upper zone will fracture at 12 ppg.
What do you do?
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 Depth Diamete
(ft) BMLRange r
Drive pipe or structural
pile (Gulf coast and 150 – 300 16" – 60" 30"
offshore
only)

Conductor casing 100 – 1600 16" – 48" 20"

Surface casing 2000 – 8-5/8" – 20" 13-3/

4000

Intermediate casing As needed 7-5/8" – 13-3/8" 9-5/8

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Louisiana State Unive
College of Engine
 Depth Diamete
(ft) BML Range r

Production casing As needed 4-1/2" – 9-5/8"

7"

Liner(s) As needed 4-1/2" – 9-5/8"

Tubing string(s) As needed Up to 4"

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 Hole Pipe
Size Size
36" Structural casing 30"

26" Conductor casing 20"

17-1/2" Surface casing 13-3/8"

12-1/4" Intermediate casing 9-5/8"

8-3/4" Production liner 7"

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 Structural casing
Conductor
casing

Surface casing
Intermediate
casing
Production Liner
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 • Outside diameter of pipe
• Wall thickness
• Grade of material
• Type to threads and (e.g. API
couplings LCSG
(e.g. Range
• Length of each joint 3
(RANGE)
• Nominal weight per foot

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 Minimum Ultimate
Most
Yield Strength Tensile
Common (psi) Strength (psi)
Grades

H-40 40,000 60,000
J-55 55,000 75,000
u
K-55 55,000 95,000
y
C-75 75,000 95,000
L-80 80,000 95,000
N-80 80,000 100,000
C-90 90,000 100,000
C-95 95,000 105,000
P-110 110,000 125,000
V-150 150,000 160,000

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 RANGE 1 16-25
ft
RANGE 2 25-34
ft

RANGE 3 34 ft.

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 API round threads (short) CSG
API round threads (long) LCSG
Buttress
BCSG
Extreme line
XCSG

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Required Design

10,000 psi Collapse 1.125 11,250 psi

100,000 lbf Tension 1.8 180,000 lbf

10,000 psi Burst 1.1 11,000 psi

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 Conductor
Pipe

Abnormal Surface
Casing

Production
Casing
Productio
n
Tubing
Line
r

Normal Pore Pressure Abnormal Pore Pressur

0.433 – 0.465 psi/ft > 0.465 psi/ft
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 LouisianaLouisiana
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StateState UU nivenive
Design from bott
CollegeCollege ofof E n g i nE n g i n
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Tension Tension
Dept
h Burst

Collap
s
Collaps
e STRESS
Burst: Assume full reservoir pressure all along the
Collapse: wellbore. Hydrostatic pressure increases with
Tension: depth
Tensile stress due to weight of string is highest at
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 • Collapse (from external
pressure)
– Yield Strength Collapse
– Plastic Collapse
– Transition Collapse
– Elastic Collapse

Collapse pressure is affected by axial stres

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 • Internal yield pressure for pipe
• Internal yield pressure for
couplings
• Internal pressure leak resistance

P P

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 • Design a 7” casing string to 10,000
ft.
• Pore pressure gradient = 0.5 psi/ft
• Design factor, Ni=1.1
• Design for burst only.

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 • Calculate probable reservoir
pressure.
 psi res
p   0.5 10,000
 ft ft 5,000
 psi

• Calculate required pipe internal yield pressure rating

p i  pres N i  5,000 1.1  5,500 psi

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 • Select the appropriate casing grade and
weight from tables:
– Burst pressure required = 5,500 psi
 7", J-55, 26 lb/ft has BURST Rating of 4,980 psi
 7", N-80, 23 lb/ft has BURST Rating of 6,340 psi
 7", N-80, 26 lb/ft has BURST Rating of 7,240 psi
• Use N-80 casing, 23 lb/ft

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 • The following factors are important:
– The collapse pressure resistance of a pipe
depends on the axial stress
• There are different types of collapse failure
– Yield strength collapse
– Plastic collapse
– Transition collapse
– Elastic collapse

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 • Collapse pressure correction for axial
stress
– (Neglects internal pressure)
 2 
  
P C  P CR  1  0.75  A   0.5  A


Y   Y

PC 
= Adjusted
 
collapse rating

P CR = Collapse rating for zero axial stress
A = Axial stress in pipe (psi)
y = Pipe material minimum yield strength (psi)

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 • Calculate D/t to determine the proper
equation t use for calculating the collapse
rating
 D / t   1
– Yield strength P yp  2 y 
  D / t
collapse


1
– Plastic Pp  y  F
D/t
collapse

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  F
– Transition Pt   y  4  F
collapse:  D / t 

46 .95 10 6
–Elastic Pe 
Collapse:  tD t D 1
  



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 If axial tension is
zero:
Grad Yield Transition
e Plastic
14.8 25.0 Elasti
J-55 1 1
N-80 13.3 22.4
8 7
P-
D/ t 12.4 20.4
110
4 1
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 • Determine the collapse rack rating of 5 1/2"
(J- 55, 14 lb/ft) casing under zero axial load.
– Calculate D/t:

D 5.500  22 .54
t  1
2
5.500  5 .012


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 • Check the mode of collapse
– Table 7.4 on p. 309 of Bourgoyne et al.
shows that, for J-55 pipe with 14.81 < D/t <
25.01, the mode of failure is plastic collapse.
• The plastic collapse
 A
is calculated from:

P Y B 
Cp
p  D / 
t
2.991
 55 ,000   0 .0541  
 22 .54
1206
 3 ,120 psi
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 • Determine the collapse rating for a 5 1/2" (J-
55, 14 lb/ft) casing under axial load of
100,000 lbf
– The axial tension will reduce the collapse
pressure as follows:
 2 
P P  1  3  z   1  z
 4   y  2  y 
CC CR

  


100 ,000
 z  Tension   24820 psi
Area 
4

5.5 2  5.012 2

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 Louisiana State Unive
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 – The axial tension will reduce the yield stress to
an apparent value:
 2
 24820   24820
y, e  55000   1  0 .75  
   0 .5 
  55000 
 38 ,216 psi

Here the axial load decreased the J-55

rating to an apparent “J-38.2” rating

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  F1 
P p   y ,e   F 2   F3
D/t 
 2.945 
 38 ,216   4 .557 x10 2  700 .43
22 .54 
 2,550 psi

…compared to 3,117 psi with no axial

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stress! Louisiana State Unive
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