PSYCHOLOGICAL

DISORDERS
The four Ds-
Deviance,Dysfunction,Distress,Danger
• 1. Is the thinking or behavior unusual, such as experiencing severe panic when faced
with a stranger or being severely depressed in the absence of any stressful life
situations?
• 2. Does the thinking or behavior go against social norms? (And keep in mind that
social norms change over time—e.g., homosexuality was once considered a psychological
disorder rather than a variation in sexual orientation.)
• 3. Does the behavior or psychological function cause the person significant subjective
discomfort?
• 4. Is the thought process or behavior maladaptive, or does it result in an inability to
function?
• 5. Does the thought process or behavior cause the person to be dangerous to self or
others, as in the case of someone who tries to commit suicide or who attacks other
people without reason?
Any two of the above five
Abnormality vs Insanity
Psychologists and psychiatrists determine
whether certain thinking or behavior is abnormal, but they do not decide whether a certain
person is insane. In the United States, insanity is not a psychological term; it is a legal
term used to argue that a mentally ill person who has committed a crime should not be
held responsible for his or her actions because that person was unable to understand the
difference between right and wrong at the time of the offense. This argument is called the
insanity defense.
CLASSIFICATION
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)
published by The American Psychiatric Association (APA)
International Classification of Diseases- ICD 10 Classification of Behavioural and
Mental Disorders by WHO
• Each disorder is
• described in terms of its symptoms,associated symptoms, the typical path the
disorder takes as it progresses, and a checklist of specific criteria that must be met
in order for the diagnosis (diagnostic guidelines) of that disorder to be made.
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
• Faulty genes (Genetics)
• Brain Damage (due to injuries)
• Infection
• Malnutrition

Abnormal behaviour has a biochemical or physiological basis.

https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=biological+model+of+psychological+disorders&&view=detail&mid=0
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NEUROTRANSMITTERS
• Neurotransmitters transmit signals from nerve cells to target cells. These target cells may
be in muscles, glands, or other nerves.
• The brain needs neurotransmitters to regulate many necessary functions, including:
• heart rate
• breathing
• sleep cycles
• digestion
• mood
• concentration
• appetite
•muscle movement
• 
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mz3PIvyu3ew
Evidences