Mastication

Deglutition

Dr.Gomathi Sivakumar,
Senior Assistant Professor,
Department of Physiology,
KMC.
Mastication
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 
Definition
Bolus
 
 Mostly voluntary
 Teeth, Tongue, Muscles of Mastication

 Masseter,Temporalis, Lateral and medial pterygoids

Buccinator
Muscles of Mastication

 
 Functions of Mastication
 Cuts and grinds
 Increases salivary secretion
 Mixes food with saliva
 Lubricates to easily swallow
 Breaks down starch
 Improves the taste
 Improves dental strength
 Deglutition

Definition
3 Phases
Anatomy of Mouth, Pharynx, oesophagus


 Oral/Buccal phase

Voluntary
Bolus over dorsum of tongue
tongue moves food to
oropharynx by pressing
against hard palate
 Pharyngeal phase

Involuntary
Initiated by the bolus touching the
receptors in pharyngeal opening
Stages of Deglutition

 Swallowing reflex

Receptors tonsilar pillars
Afferent nerves CN 5 9 10
Deglutition centre
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius and
Nucleus Ambiguus ….junction of pons
and medulla
Efferents CN 5 9 10 12
 Pharyngeal phase
1 – 2 sec

reflex, activation by mechanical
stimulation
Oral cavity is shut up by
approximation of posterior tonsilar
pillars
soft palate , closes entry to nose
vocal cords close, larynx ,
epiglottis closure, Deglutition apnea
short relaxation of upper esophageal
sphincter (reflex opening after food
passage)
peristaltic wave initiation
 Oesophageal phase

involuntary
Oesophageal peristalsis and gravity
Anatomy of oesophagus

 
UES – anatomical sphincter – cricopharyngeus
skeletal muscle- Vagus-Ach
LES (Cardiac Sphincter)– Physiological sphincter-
smooth muscle – Vagus thru enteric neurons
30 mm Hg
Prevent reurgitation of gastric contents
Gastrin increases the tone
 
Oesophageal peristalsis
primary
secondary
Applied Aspects

 
Abolition of deglutition reflex
Cardiac Achalasia
GERD
Aerophagia
Dysphagia
Achalasia cardia
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GERD
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