Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HI(O)PS
History
Inspection/Observation
Palpation
Special Tests
History
M: Mechanism of Injury (position of foot,
playing surface, type of shoes, how
injury happened
A: Acute or Chronic
P: Pain (location & type: sharp, dull,
burning, etc.)
P: Previous Injury? (which ankle, when?)
S: Sounds (noises at time of injury or since:
popping, snapping, cracking, etc.)
S: Signs & Symptoms
Inspection/Observation
Swelling (localized or general)
Deformity (flat feet, high arches,
etc.)
Dislocation (abnormal positioning
of the foot or ankle)
Discoloration
Palpation
Palpate for areas of swelling,
pain, or abnormaility.
Palpate both extremities,
uninjured first
Palpation Cont.
Bony Landmarks:
– Tibia & Medial Malleolus
– Fibula & Lateral Malleolus
– Base of 5th Metatarsal
– Caclcaneus
Palpation Cont.
Ligaments:
– Medial: Deltoids
– Lateral:
Anterior Talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior Talofibular
– Anterior:
Anterior Tibiofibular
Palpation Cont.
Musculature:
– Gastrocnemius (calf muscle)
– Achilles Tendon (posterior aspect of ankle)
– Peroneal Muscles & Tendon (lateral aspect of
lower leg and ankle)
– Anterior Tibialis Muscle & Tendon (anterior
aspect of lower leg and ankle)
Special Tests
Do ALL tests bilaterally
Uninjured side first
Special Tests Cont.
Range of Motion:
– Active ROM (PF, DF, Inv., & Ever.)
Athlete performs movement
– Passive ROM (PF, DF, Inv., & Ever.)
Examiner performs movement
– Resisted ROM (PF, DF, Inv., & Ever.)
Examiner applies resistance as athlete performs
movement
Only do if athlete can perform active ROM & no
fracture is suspected
Special Tests Cont.
Stress Tests:
– Anterior Drawer Test:
Tests the Anterior Talofibular Ligament
– Foot relaxed in neutral position, pull calcaneus anteriorly
– + result = pain, excess movement, or both
– Inversion Test:
Tests Lateral Ligaments
– Passively invert ankle in PF, Neutral, & DF
– + result = pain during movement
Special Tests Cont.
Stress Tests Cont.:
– Eversion Test:
Tests Deltoid Ligaments
– Passively evert ankle in DF, Neutral, PF
– + result = pain during movement
– Thompson’s Test:
Tests Achilles Tendon
– Athlete lying prone, foot relaxed in neutral position,
squeeze Gastrocnemius, foot should PF normally
– + result = pain, lack of normal movement, or both
Special Tests Cont.
Stress Tests Cont.:
– Percussion (Bump) Test:
Tests for fracture in lower leg or ankle
– Tap plantar surface of calcaneus
– + result = pain radiating up leg
– Compression Test:
Tests for fracture in lower leg or ankle
– Compress Tibia & Fibula together all the way up & down
lower leg
– + result = pain radiating up leg
Functional Tests
Walking
Go up on toes (both feet together, then
separately
Rock back on heels
Jogging, progressing to sprinting (straight
ahead, figure 8, Z pattern)
Hopping (both feet together, then separately
Sports Specific Skills