Carbon

Compounds
Carbon and its
Bond
 Properties of Carbon
 Because of its unique ability to combine in
many ways with itself and other elements,
carbon has a central role in the chemistry of
living organisms.
 Carbon atoms can form single, double or
triple bonds with other carbon atoms.
 Carbon can form up to 4 bonds
 Properties of Carbon
 This allows carbon atoms to form long
chains, almost unlimited in length.
 Carbon can bond with other carbons, form
straight chains, branched chains and rings
Saturated and
Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
SATURATED HYDROCARBONS:
Alkanes
 Alkanes, whose general formula is , also called
paraffin (meaning, ‘low affinity’), are
hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds.
They are classified as saturated hydrocarbons
(with all carbon atoms linked by single bonds).
UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS:
Alkenes and Alkynes
 Alkenes, also called olefins, are unsaturated hydrocarbons
containing one or more double bonds (C=C). As a result, it
contains less hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms
and follows the general formula: in an alkene, the formula
of a three-carbon atom with one double bond then would
be .
 Ethene is the simplest alkene with the chemical formula, a
plant hormone that plays important roles in seed
germination and ripening of fruits.
UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS:
Alkenes and Alkynes
 Alkynes, containing one or more triple bonds, (C≡C) have
the general formula of . The simplest alkyne, a highly
reactive molecule used in oxyacetylene torches is acetylene
or ethyne, .
HYDROCARBON NOMENCLATURE

 The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

(IUPAC) has established rules to systematize the naming of
hydrocarbon molecules.