2nd year Communication

2020/2021

Projects Management (PM)

‫إدـارة اــلمشـروـعات‬

Lecture 1
Introduction
Dr. Yaser Abdalla
Oct. 2020/2021 1
 Course Info

Title Projects Management (PM)

Doctor Dr. Yaser Abdalla

Doctor webpages

Email

Teaching assistant (TA) ----

References Multiple references will be used
Grades (50) 1. Final Term Exam (40)
2. Mid Term Exam (7)
3. Assignment (3)

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 Course References

1) Information Technology Project Management, Kathy

Schwalbe, 7th Edition.
2) A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge
(PMBOK Guide), 5th Edition (Arabic and English versions).

Software
⮚ Microsoft Office Project 2013

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 Examples of Projects
Development projects
Personal projects

Mega construction projects

Dubai airport 4
 Different Types of Projects
Education Schools, colleges
Public Safety Police, fire, National guard
Recreation (Relaxation) Parks, playgrounds, historic sites
Development Harbors, dams, irrigation,
Scientific Research Engineering, Health, space, Agriculture,
Medical, etc
Defense Military equipment and systems
Conservation Forests, shorelines, pollution
Transportation Highways, mass transit, airports
Utilities Electric power, gas, telephones

1. The advent of project management has been most profound in

A. Automobile manufacturing
B. Construction
C. Information technology
D. The U.S. Department of Defense
E. Film making 5
 Project Management Institute (PMI)
‫معهد ادارة المشاريع‬

⮚ PMI is a US nonprofit professional organization for project

management.

PMI Services:
development of standards, research, education, publication, hosting
conferences and training seminars in project management

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 PMI Certification Types
⮚ Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM)®
▪ Fundamental knowledge, terminology and processes of effective PM

⮚ Project Management Professional (PMP)®

▪ Validates your competence to perform in the role of a project manager, leading and
directing projects and teams.

⮚ Program Management Professional (PgMP)®

⮚ Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP)®
⮚ PMI Agile Certified Practitioner (PMI-ACP)®
⮚ PMI Risk Management Professional (PMI-RMP)®
⮚ PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA)®
⮚ PMI Scheduling Professional (PMI-SP)®

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Why we should learn Projects Management?
1. Surveys has ranked Project management among the top 3
skills most wanted by employers (along with leadership and
business analysis).
2. Organizations need PM for many reasons such as:

Why PM is needed by most organizations?

✔ Improving customers service
✔ Better control of financial, physical, and human resources
✔ Decreasing costs and improving productivity
✔ Better management of time

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 What is a Project?
⮚ A Project is a Creation of Business Value

⮚ A Project is a temporary endeavor (effort) undertaken to create a

unique product, service, or result

⮚ A Project is a unique & temporary effort with a defined beginning

and end, undertaken to meet specific goals and objectives,
typically to bring about beneficial change/added value/create
product or service, including the constraints of Time, Cost, Scope,
and‫هـا‬Quality.
‫ويخضع‬ ‫هـو جهود تبذل بصـفة مؤقتـة إلخراج منتـج أـو خدمـة أـو نتيجـة فريدة مـن نوع‬
.‫لمجموعة من القيود‬
All of the following are the characteristics of a project, EXCEPT:
Select correct option:
A start and an end
A multi-disciplinary team brought together for the project
Constraints of cost, time and quality
A scope of work that is not unique and involves confidence 9
What is a project ?

• A temporary, on-time, coordinated undertaking.

• It has a definable goal
• Has interrelated and dependent activities tasks
• Is finite in duration
• Provides a unique product, service, or information
• Operates under scope, quality, cost and time constraints

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Project SQCT Target

Scope

Balance Quality
Time

Cost

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Types of Scope
⚫Product Scope: all the things that will be created
or delivered
⚫Project Scope: all the work that will be done
during the project
⚫Total scope: all the things and all the work.

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Six things affecting project Target

Scope

Tim
st
Co

e
Project Target

s
rce
Ris

so u
k

Re
Quality 13
14
 ‫‪Project Versus Business Operation‬‬
‫ما الفرق بين المشروع والعمليات اليومية؟‬
‫‪In any organization, only two aspects of work exist, routine on-going‬‬
‫‪operations and projects‬‬

‫العمليات اليومية‬ ‫المشاريع‬

‫الخصائص‬ ‫الخصائص‬
‫▪ انشطة مستمرة‬ ‫▪ مؤقتة ‪ -‬ذات بداية ونهاية (‪)Temporary‬‬
‫▪ منتجات أو خدمات متكررة أو متشابهة‬ ‫▪ منتج أو خدمة فريدة (‪)Unique‬‬
‫▪ األعمال المعتادة للمؤسسة‬ ‫▪ ال تمثل جزءا ً من العمليات اليومية للمؤسسة‬
‫▪ ال تتضمن مخاطره‬ ‫▪ تتضمن مخاطره (‪)Risk/uncertainty‬‬

‫أمثلة‬ ‫أمثلة‬
‫▪ خط تجميع بمصنع سيارات‬ ‫▪ تصميم برنامج جديد‬
‫▪ انتاج بعض انواع مالبس‬ ‫▪ إنشاء مبنى‬
‫‪15‬‬
 What is a Project?
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Project management is becoming a standard way of doing business
B. Project management is increasingly contributing to achieving organizational
strategies
C. Project management is being used at a consistent percentage of a firm's efforts
D. Both A and B are true
E. A, B, and C are all true
Which of the following is a difference between projects and operations?
a. Projects are undertaken to sustain an c. Projects are temporary endeavors
organization’s business whereas whereas an organization’s operations
operations are not. are ongoing in nature.

b. Operations are undertaken to create d. Operations have well-defined

unique products, services, or results objectives whereas projects do not
whereas projects are not. need to have a unique purpose.
Which of the following is true of projects?
a. They have an indefinite beginning c. They are developed using regressive
and end. elaboration.
b. They have a unique purpose. d. They are permanent in nature. 16
 What is a Project?
The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project.
a project sponsor c. support staff member
b project manager d. project team

Project _____ management ensures that the project will satisfy the
stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken.
a. cost c. risk
b. time d. quality

Every project should have a well-defined objective T/F T

Projects should be developed in increments. T/F
T
reason- A project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for a project.

A project manager’s primary role is to provide the funding for a project T/F F

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 Why a Project emerges?
⮚ A Market Demand:
Ex. Oil company want to build oil refinery
⮚ A Customer Request:
Ex. Power company authorize a new power plant
⮚ A Technological Demand:
Ex. New video game or mobile application
⮚ A Legal requirement:
Ex. Toxic Waste Disposal Center

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a project?

Select correct option:
*- Projects are responsible for the newest and most improved products, services, and
organizational processes.
*- Projects are ad-hoc endeavors with a clear life cycle.
*- Projects provide a philosophy and strategy for the management of change.
*- Traditional process management functions of planning, organizing, and
controlling do not apply to project management.
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 Project Attributes (Characteristics)

1) A project is unique
▪ No two projects are precisely alike (Some elements are unique)

‫ وغيرها‬-‫المكان –البيئة‬- ‫األفراد‬- ‫حتى لو تشابهت األنشطة نجد االختالف في المالك‬

2) Has a unique purpose

▪ Every project should have a well-defined objective.

3) Temporary
▪ A project has a definite beginning and end.

4) Progressive elaboration. ‫ت[[طوير مستمر‬

▪ A project team should develop initial plans and then update them with
more detail based on new information.

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 Project Attributes (Characteristics) (cont’d)
5) Requires resources often from various areas
▪ Resources include people, hardware, software, and other assets.
6) Has primary Customer/Sponsor(Stack holders)
▪ The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the
project. To ensure quality
7) Involves risk and uncertainty.
▪ It may be difficult to accurately estimate the actual cost and time.
▪ Uncertainty may be come from external factors.
8) Subject to constraints.
▪ Ex. Scope, Time, Cost, Quality, …etc
A professional organization for project management specialists is the
A. PMI
B. AMA
C. MIS
D. IPM
E. PMBOK
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 Project Versus Business Operation
- Which of the following activities is - From among the following
not considered a project? activities, which is the best example
A. Developing a new software of a project?
program A. Processing insurance claims
B. Designing a space station B. Producing automobiles
C. Preparing the site for the Olympic C. Writing a term paper
Games D. Completing a college degree
D. Production of automobile tires E. All of these are good examples of
E. Developing a new advertising projects
program
- Which of the following choices is
- Which of the following constraints is
not one of the stages of a project life
not typically found in managing
cycle?
projects?
A. Conceptualizing
A. Time
B. Defining
B. People
C. Planning
C. Cost
D. Executing
D. Performance
E. Delivering
E. Both B and D are not typical constraints
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 Project Constraints
The Triple Constraints: (The Basic Elements)
1) Scope:
▪ What work will be done as part of the project?
2) Time:
▪ How long should it take to complete the project? (Schedule)
3) Cost:
▪ What should it cost to complete the project? (Budget)

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 Project Constraints (Cont’d)
⮚ Managing the triple constraint involves making trade-offs
between scope, time, and cost goals for a project.
▪ For example, you might need to increase the budget for a project to meet
scope and time goals. Alternatively, you might have to reduce the scope of a
project to meet time and cost goals.

⮚ Experienced project managers can decide which aspect of the

triple constraint is most important

Project management is ideally suited for a business environment requiring all

of the following except
A. Accountability
B. Flexibility
C. Innovation
D. Speed
E. Repeatability 23
 Project Constraints (Cont’d)
⮚ Successful PM means meeting all three goals (scope, time,
and cost) — and satisfying the sponsor/customer

Quadruple constraints of PM
Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured
by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles
and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is
facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that
supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which of the following constraints is Galaxy currently
facing?
a. Resources c. Scope
b. Time d. Cost 24
 Project Success/Failure
⮚ The project can be considered as Successful if it achieves its
intended objectives according to the required, Time, Cost,
Scope, and Quality.

⮚ The project can be considered as Failed in the following

cases:
▪ Does not achieve the required goals
▪ Exceeds the estimated cost
▪ Not completed in the required time
▪ Does not satisfy the customer (bad quality)

The success of individual projects is typically measured by performance

compared to three constraints usually placed on all projects. Identify and
briefly describe those three constraints.
1. time, 2. cost, and 3. performance
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 Project Success Factors

⮚ Experienced project manager for proper planning

Which of the following characteristics is not typical of a project manager?
A. Managing a temporary activity
B. Possesses in-depth technical knowledge
C. Managing a non-repetitive activity
D. Manages independently of the formal organization
E. Provides a direct link to the customer

⮚ Clear business objectives

⮚ Optimized scope

⮚ Firm basic requirements

⮚ Reliable estimates

⮚ Good Tools and Infrastructure

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 Project Stakeholders [‫أ[صحابا[[لمصلحه‬
⮚ Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities.
⮚ The experienced project manager should consider different expectations for
various stakeholders

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 Project Example: Building New House
Stakeholders
⮚ The project sponsors would be the potential new homeowners.

⮚ The project manager would normally be the general contractor

responsible for building the house.

⮚ The project team can include several construction workers,

electricians, and carpenters.

⮚ The suppliers would provide the wood, windows, flooring,

appliances, and other materials.

⮚ A project might have opponents, e.g., a neighbor might oppose the

project due to the noise introduced from the work.

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 Project Management (PM)
PM Institute (PMI) Definition
⮚ PM can be defined as the application of knowledge, skills, tools and
techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.

‫تطبيق المعارف والمهارات واألدوات والتقنيات في جميع أنشطة المشروع ليحقق‬

‫متطلباته‬

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 Project Management (PM)
Other Definition
⮚ PM is the planning, monitoring and control of all aspects of
the project AND the motivation of all those involved
(Stakeholders) in it to achieve the project objectives on time
and cost, quality and performance.

In which of the following stages are you more likely to find status reports, many
changes, and the creation of forecasts?
A. Conceptualizing
B. Defining
C. Planning
D. Executing
E. Delivering

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 Project Management (PM)
- In which of the following stages are project objectives established, teams
formed, and major responsibilities assigned?
A. Conceptualizing
B. Defining
C. Planning
D. Executing
E. Delivering

- In which of the following stages is a major portion of the physical and mental
project work performed?
A. Conceptualizing
B. Defining
C. Planning
D. Executing
E. Delivering
- In which of the following stages are you more likely to find status reports,
many changes, and the creation of forecasts?
A. Conceptualizing
B. Defining
C. Planning
D. Executing
E. Delivering 31
 Project Management (PM)
The following table describes four projects in terms of evaluation criteria and scores
in each of these criteria. You are to suggest one of these projects to an organization.
Which project do you select?

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 Project Management (PM)
Best practice — An optimal way recognized by industry to achieve a stated
goal or objective
Critical path — The longest path through a network diagram that determines
the earliest completion of a project
Enterprise project management software — Software that integrates
information from multiple projects to show the status of active, approved, and
future projects across an entire organization; also called portfolio project
management software
Ethics — A set of principles that guides decision making based on personal
values of what is considered right and wrong
Gantt chart — A standard format for displaying project schedule information
by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in
calendar form
Leader — A person who focuses on long-term goals and big-picture objectives
while inspiring people to reach those goals
Manager — A person who deals with the day-to-day details of meeting specific
goals
Portfolio project management software — Software that integrates
information from multiple projects to show the status of active, approved, and
future projects across an entire organization; also called enterprise project 33
 Project Management (PM)
program manager — A person who provides leadership and direction for the
project managers heading the projects within a program
project — A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product,
service, or result
project management — The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and
techniques to project activities to meet project requirements
Project Management Institute (PMI) — An international professional society
for project managers
project management knowledge areas — Project integration management,
scope, time, cost, quality, human resource, communications, risk,
procurement, and stakeholder management
Project Management Office (PMO) — An organizational group responsible
for coordinating the project management functions throughout an
organization
Project Management Professional (PMP) — Certification provided by PMI
that requires documenting project experience and education, agreeing to
follow the PMI code of ethics, and passing a comprehensive exam
project management tools and techniques — Methods available to assist
project managers and their teams; some popular time-management tools
include Gantt charts, network diagrams, and critical path analysis 34
 Project Management (PM)
manager — A person who deals with the day-to-day details of meeting
specific goals
Portfolio project management software — Software that integrates
information from multiple projects to show the status of active, approved, and
future projects across an entire organization; also called enterprise project
management software
Program — A group of projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain
benefits and control that are not available from managing projects individually
Program manager — A person who provides leadership and direction for the
project managers heading the projects within a program
Project — A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product,
service, or result
Project management — The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and
techniques to project activities to meet project requirements
Project Management Institute (PMI) — An international professional society
for project managers

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 Project Management (PM)
Project management knowledge areas — Project integration management,
scope, time, cost, quality, human resource, communications, risk, procurement, and
stakeholder management
Project Management Office (PMO) — An organizational group responsible for
coordinating the project management functions throughout an organization
Project Management Professional (PMP) — Certification provided by PMI that
requires documenting project experience and education, agreeing to follow the PMI
code of ethics, and passing a comprehensive exam
Project management tools and techniques — Methods available to assist project
managers and their teams; some popular time-management tools include Gantt
charts, network diagrams, and critical path analysis
Project manager — The person responsible for working with the project sponsor,
the project team, and the other people involved to meet project goals
project portfolio management or portfolio management — When organizations group
and manage projects as a portfolio of investments that contribute to the entire
enterprise’s success
Project sponsor — The person who provides the direction and funding for a project
Stakeholders — People involved in or affected by project activities
Triple constraint — Balancing scope, time, and cost goals

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Thanks for Attention

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