HAWASSA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE

FINAL RESEARCH REPORT PRESENTATION

COMBILED BY: GROUP 10 PUBLIC HEALTH
OFFICERS
HAWASSA, SRS, ETHIOPIA
DECEMBER, 2020

1
 TITTLE
PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS AMONG ADOLESCENTS VISITING
BETESEB MEMRIA HEALTH CENTER, HAWASSA,
SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE ETHIOPIA, 2013 E.C

BY: NAME ID
1. Sara Siraj PHO 0061/09
2. Yihun Tariku PHO 0040/09
3. Tamirat Tilahun PHO 0048/09
4. Mesfin Mathewos PHO 280/98
5. Kifle Mekonnen PHO 0049/09
Advisor: Ms. Nabiha D. 2
 OUTLINES
Introduction
Objectives
Methodology
Result
Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendation
Reference
Acknowledgment

3
 INTRODUCTION
Background
 Sexually transmitted infections are infections which are
mainly transmitted from one person to another through
intimate contact(1).

 The most common STIs are the bacterial

infections: Chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhoea; and
the viral infections: human papilloma virus
(HPV), HIV and hepatitis (3).
4
 STIs have public health importance
because of their magnitude, potential
complications and their interaction with
HIV/AIDS(2).
 STDs present themselves mainly in
seven syndromes; these are genital ulcer,
urethral discharge, vaginal discharge,
lower abdominal pain, inguinal bubo,
neonatal conjunctivitis and scrotal
swelling.
5
 Worldwide, young women and men suffer a
disproportionate share of unplanned
pregnancies, STIs, including HIV, and other
serious reproductive health problems.
 Adolescents, defined by WHO as persons
between 10 and 19 years of age, make up about
20% of the world’s population, of whom 85%
live in developing countries(4)

6
 Many adolescents around the world are
sexually active and because many sexual
contacts among them are unprotected,
they are potentially at risk of contracting
STIs.
 Adolescents’ use of contraception is
generally low and they are less likely to
use condoms.

7
 WHO has estimated that 333 million
curable STIs occur each year, more than
two-thirds in the developing world.
 86% of the world’s burden of STIs
occurs in the developing world,
The biggest burden being in the poorest
countries,
Many of which are in sub-Saharan Africa,
where identification and management of STIs
is limited.
8
 Several studies in Ethiopia have shown that
17 to 60 percent of adolescents are sexually
active.
 The problem of STIs in Ethiopia is
generally believed to be similar to that of
other developing countries.
 But to dates, there are no adequate studies
on adolescents in this country indicating the
Current magnitude of STIs.

9
 INTRODUCTION CONT..
Statement of the problem
 STIs are major public health problems in
Ethiopia and among the most common
causes of illness in the world and have far
reaching health, social and economic
consequences.
 Because of the clinical problems &
complications that STIs cause in individual
patients, STIs require attention.

10
 According to 2011 EDHS, 1%, of each Ethiopian
women and men reported having an STI in 1 year.
 According to survey conducted in 2014, 3% of
women and 2% of men reported having had an
abnormal genital discharge. Also 1% of each
women and men reported having had a genital sore
or ulcer in the 12 months preceding the survey.
 These numbers may be underestimated because
respondents could be embarrassed or ashamed to
admit having STIs.

11
 Data on prevalence of STIs among
adolescents at health centre level play
prominent role on the transmission and
prevention of STIs and so it is important
to do so on that, the adolescents are well
treated and got basic sexual health
services.

12
 INTRODUCTION CONT..
 Significance of the study:
 The result of this research will provide
important information to health care
facility and enable them to plan
intervention program on STIs.
 This study can serve as a base line for
future surveillance and for monitoring
program performance after.

13
 OBJECTIVES
General objective:
 To assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted
infections among adolescents visiting Beteseb
Memria health center in Sidama regional state
from 2011-2012 E.C

Specific objectives:
 To determine the magnitude of STI in adolescents in
Beteseb Memria health centre in from 2011-2012 E.C
 To describe related factors of STI in adolescents in
Beteseb Memria health centre from 2011-2012 E.C

14
 METHODS AND MATERIALS
Study area and period:
 The study was conducted in Beteseb
Memria health center found in Hawassa
city, SRS from November to December ,
2013 E.C.
Study design:
 Institution-based cross sectional study
design

15
METHODS AND MATERIALS
CONT.…
Source population:
 All adolescent cases in Beteseb Memria health
centre, Hawassa city in the given period of
time.
Study Population
 The study population included all adolescent
cases in Beteseb Memria health centre during
the study period and selected for this study by
systematic random sampling.

16
METHODS AND MATERIALS
CONT.…
Inclusion criteria:
 All adolescents visiting OPD clinic
in Beteseb Memria health centre
were included
Exclusion criteria:
 Documents with missing data

17
 Sampling:
Sample was calculated using the formula:
n= (z α/2)2 p (1−p) or (z α/2)2pq
d2 d2
Where n = sample size
P = population proportion
α = level of confidence
We take P value 0.195
Q = proportion of failure
D=0.05
d=degree of freedom
Z = score value
Where z= α/2 = 95% = 1.96, n = (1.96)2 0.195 (1−0.195)
(0.05)2
= 241
18
METHODS AND MATERIALS
CONT.…
 Then we used correction formula as our population size
was 525which is less than 10000 we had corrected sample
size using the formula:

nf = no
/1+no/N where nf- final sample size
no- initial sample
N- sampled population

nf = 241
/1+241/525

=165
19
METHODS AND MATERIALS
CONT.…
Data collection instruments:
 Data was collected by using well prepared
checklist.
Data collection Procedure/technique:
 Data was collected starting from the first
adolescent case then every third similar case by
3 sampling interval
Sampling interval= N =525
n 165
=3.18≈3
20
METHODS AND MATERIALS
CONT.…
Data quality control measures:
To keep the quality of collected data, the checklist
was prepared by English and the data was taken from
medically recorded documents in Betesb Memria
health centre. Proper checking was taken for the sake
of data completeness and accuracy.
Data entry and analysis:
 Data was entered using SPSS version 20 and
analyzed in to frequency distribution, bivariate
logistic regression and multi variable logistic
regression
21
METHODS AND MATERIALS
CONT.…
Strength of the study:
 The study was conducted in the area where
previous researches were not done and this
study might help as baseline for other
surveillance to be done in the future.
Limitation of the study:
 The study was institutional based, the sample
size of 165 patients makes it difficult to
generalize the conclusion, and it may not be
representative.

22
 RESULTS
 Socio demographic characteristics of the study
population
Table 1. The distribution of the study population by socio-demographic
Characteristics, Beteseb Memria health center, Ethiopia, 2020GC

Variable Category Number Percent(%)

Sex Male 50 30.3

Female 115 69.7

Age 10-14 years 74 44.8

15-17 years 39 23.6

18+ years 52 31.5

Residence Urban 81 30.8

Rural 182 69.2

Marital status Single 121 73.3

Married 41 24.8

Divorced 2 1.2

Widowed 1 0.6

23
RESULTS CONT..
0.83000000000000
90.00% 1
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00% Positive Negative
0.17
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
HIV status

Figure 1.HIV status of adolescent cases in Beteseb Memria health center, 2020

24
RESULTS CONT..
Table 2.Status of patient’s adolescent cases in Betesb Mmriya health centre, 2020GC

Variable Category Number Percent

HIV status Negative 137 83
Positive 28 17
No of sexual partner 0 30 18.2
1 46 27.9
2 13 7.9
3 and above 2 1.2
Not eligible 74 44.8
Substance abuse Alcohol 11 6.7
Khat 4 2.4
Cigarette smoking 2 1.2
Hashish 1 0.6
None 73 44.2
Not eligible 74 44.8
Condom use Yes 22 13.3
No 69 41.8
Not eligible 74 44.8

25
RESULTS CONT..
 The study showed that the prevalence of STI among
adolescents in 165 sample population was 12.7%.

Table 3.The prevalence of STI among adolescents visiting Betesb Mmria

health center, 2020GC

Variable Category Number Percent (%)

Had STI Yes 21 12.7

No 144 87.3

26
 Concerning syndromic diagnosis for STI cases,
out of 165 study population, 5.5% were had
vaginal discharge, 1.8% urethral discharge,
2.4% lower abdominal pain, 2.4% genital
ulcer, 0.6% scrotal swelling and the rest
87.9% were had none of them.
 Regarding complications related to STI, out
of 165 study populations, 9(5.5%) were
developed UTI, 1(0.6%) were developed VVF,
1(0.6%) were developed Gumma, and the
rest 154(93.3%) had no any of them.

27
DISCUSSION
 From the study, the prevalence of STI among
adolescent cases was 12.7% which
Was higher when compared to a research
done in Addis Ababa 2000, which was 3.7%,
but
Relatively within the range of study
conducted in Gondar university, 2019 which
was 18.2%,
Lower than researches done in Ireland in
1999-2009 which was 42.1%

28
 This may due to the setup differences of the
study area and man power who are skilled in
developed countries. (22, 23)
 Regarding HIV status 17% were positive sero
status for HIV which was higher compared to
study conducted in Philadelphia which was
11.1 this could be due to differences in the
study population. Concerning condom use
13.3% uses condom during sexual intercourse.
(24, 25)

29
 According to the syndromic diagnosis 43%
adolescents with STI have vaginal discharge
and 14.3% urethral discharge.
 It is somewhat lower when compared to
Ethiopian public health institute surveillance
report from July 2014 to June 2015 which was
52.2% for vaginal discharge and 25.3% for
urethral discharge. (26)

30
 CONCLUSION
 The global population of adolescents and young people
is increasing, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
 Adolescent especially in developing countries are
exposed to unsafe and early sex, poverty and lack of
appropriate information, which is very common in
developing countries makes adolescent more
vulnerable to STIs.
 In our study its prevalence at this age group is 12.7%.
Multiple sexual partner and not using condom during
sexual intercourse have an impact on the

31
 RECOMMENDATION
 STI related prevention and control programs need to
design suitable education and service especially for
population groups who are carrying a higher STI
burden like adolescents.
 Strengthening reproductive health services for
adolescents, popularizing sexual, and reproductive
health information and education and providing
information on accessing of condom is recommended
to reduce STIs.
 A continuous study should be conducted in order to
reveal infection level, sexual behaviour, preventive
behaviour and health related behaviours.

32
 REFERENCES
1. Sexually transmitted diseases Last updated Sept.
2015 http://www.cdc.gov/msm
2. Http://www.who.int/mediacntre/factsheets/
fs110/en/index.html.
3. World Health Organization MediaCentre,
Sexually TransmittedInfections, 2013,
http://www.who.int/mediacntre/factsheets/fs110/
en
4. World Health Organization. The Health of the
Young: A Cross-National Survey. Geneva2014.
 And others………
33
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
 We would like to thank HUCMHS, school of
public health and CBE coordinating office for
giving us this golden opportunity to do this
research.
 Next we would like to express our deepest
gratitude to our advisor Ms. Nabiha D for her
fruitful suggestions, corrections, shaping, care
and advice.
 We would like to thank Betesb Mmria health
center health professionals.

34
THANK YOU

35