ELEMENTS OF BUSINESS

ENVIRONMENT
STATE OF ANTI –PLASTIC CAMPAIGN
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Mrs.

Sonali Bhattacharya as well as our Principal Mrs. Loveleen Saigal who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic a
study of child labor laws its implementation and consequences, which also
helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about so many
new things. I am really thankful to them. Secondly, I would also like to
thank my parents and friends who helped and encourage me in completing
the given project within the limited time frame.

1) INTRODUCTION
2) WHAT IS PLASTIC AND WHERE DOES IT
COME FROM
3) EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
4) USES OF PLASTIC
5) EVILS ASSOCIATED WITH ITS USE
6) PURPOSES OF THE ANTI-PLASTIC
CAMPAIGN
INDEX
7) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN ANTI-
PLASTIC CAMPAIGN
8) PLASTIC RECYCLING A MYTH
9) BIOPLASTIC IS NOT THE SOLUTION
10)STATUS OF THE ANTI-PLASTIC CAMPAIGN
11) ANTI-PLASTIC LAW
12)ALTERNATIVES TO PLASTIC BAGS
13)CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
 PLASTIC IS ALL AROUND US. IT FORMS MUCH OF THE PACKAGING FOR OUR FOOD AND DRINK.
FOR MANY OF US, IT IS THROUGHOUT OUR HOMES, OUR WORKPLACES, OUR CAR, AND THE BUS
WE TAKE TO AND FROM WORK. IT CAN BE IN OUR CLOTHING, EYEGLASSES, TEETH,
TOOTHBRUSH, COMPUTERS, PHONES, DISHES, UTENSILS, AND TOYS. THE LIST GOES ON,
ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU LOOK AROUND AND BEGIN TO NOTICE THE PLASTIC IN YOUR LIFE.
PLASTIC IS VERSATILE, LIGHTWEIGHT, FLEXIBLE, MOISTURE RESISTANT, DURABLE, STRONG,
AND RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE. IT CAN BE CHEMICAL RESISTANT, CLEAR OR OPAQUE, AND
PRACTICALLY UNBREAKABLE. THESE ARE WONDERFUL USEFUL QUALITIES, AND PLASTIC
PLAYS MANY IMPORTANT ROLES IN LIFE ON EARTH, BUT THE WIDESPREAD USE OF PLASTIC IS
ALSO CAUSING UNPRECEDENTED ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND HARBORS SERIOUS
HEALTH RISKS, ESPECIALLY FOR CHILDREN. PLASTIC SHOULD BE USED WISELY, WITH CAUTION,
AND ONLY WHEN SUITABLE ALTERNATIVES DO NOT EXIST OR ARE NOT AVAILABLE. EVERY DAY,
WE ARE HANDED COUNTLESS PLASTIC BAGS: WHEN WE GO TO THE GROCERY STORE, RETAIL
CLOTHING STORE, BOOK STORE, RESTAURANTS, ETC. SOMETIMES, PLASTIC BAGS ARE
CONVENIENT, AS THEY ARE WATER-RESISTANT AND LIGHT, AND INEXPENSIVE COMPARED TO
PAPER BAGS. EXCESSIVE USE OF PLASTIC IN OUR DAY TO LIFE FINALLY LED TO THE STARTING
OF THE ANTI-PLASTIC CAMPAIGN.
 WHAT IS PLASTIC?
&
WHERE DOES IT COME FROM?
• The term "plastic" derives from the Greek word "plastikos,“ meaning fit for
molding, and"plastos,“ meaning molded. In line with this root etymology,
and in the broadest sense, plastic is a material that at some stage in its
manufacture is able to be shaped by flow such that it can be extruded,
molded, cast spun, or applied as a coating. Plastics are Polymers (meaning
"many parts" in Greek), which are basically substances or molecules made
up of many repeating molecular units, known as monomers(meaning "one
part“ in Greek). The first documented plastic was created in 1855 by the
British inventor and metallurgist Alexander Parkes who used natural
cellulose in combination with nitric acid and chemical solvents to create a
plastic he patented as "Parkesine." The first totally human-made, completely
synthetic plastic came about in 1907 when Belgian-born, New York-based
Leo Baekeland used hydrocarbon chemicals he derived from coal to create
Bakelite, which came to be used in radio and television casings,
kitchenware, and even toys.
 EFFECTS OF PLASTIC ON
THE ENVIRONMENT

Plastic is forever.
 Plastic does not biodegrade. Exposed to the elements, simply breaks down into smaller and smaller plastic
bits. Nearly every single item that was ever created still exists on this planet, and will for thousands of years.
Every item that you have ever discarded, will be around long after you are gone.

Plastic is pervasive.
 It has been molded into a million different uses. Undeniably “useful” and convenient. Plastics are
everywhere.
PLASTICS POLLUTE.
 Single Use plastics and disposable plastics are the main sources of plastic pollution. The discarding of
plastic is not the only problem, even manufacturing the stuff creates large quantities of chemical pollutants.
And sadly, according to Greenpeace, "every year about 300 billion pounds of plastic is produced around the
world.“

Marine life is affected by plastics.

 Plastic is clogging the world's oceans and devastating the fish, seabirds, and turtles mistaking it for food.
Most of the time, plastic ingestion by these sea animals results in their death.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
 Environmentally, plastic is a growing disaster. Most plastics are made from petroleum or natural gas, non-renewable
resources extracted and processed using energy-intensive techniques that destroy fragile ecosystems. The manufacture of
plastic, as well as its destruction by incineration, pollutes air, land, and water and exposes workers to toxic chemicals
synthetic plastic does not biodegrade. It just sits and accumulates in landfills or pollutes the environment. Plastics have
become a municipal waste nightmare, prompting local governments all over the world to implement a ban on plastic bags.

HEALTH PROBLEMS
 In terms of health risks, the evidence is growing that chemicals leached from plastics used in cooking and food/drink storage
are harmful to human health. Some of the most disturbing of these are hormone-mimicking. The health risks of plastic are
significantly amplified in children, whose immune and organ systems are developing and are more vulnerable.
 USES OF PLASTIC

The versatility of plastic materials comes from the ability to mold, laminate, or shape them, and to tailor
them physically and chemically. There is plastic suitable for almost any application. Plastics do not corrode,
though they can degrade in UV(a component of sunlight) and can be affected by solvents-for example PVC
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
plastic is soluble in acetone.
Take a look in the kitchen we may have plastic chairs or bar stool seats, plastic countertops (acrylic
composites, plastic linings(PTFE)in our non-stick cooking pans, and plastic plumbing in our water system
the list is almost endless.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Plastics in the Food Industry:
 The food in our refrigerator may be wrapped in PVC cling-film, our yogurt is probably in plastic tubs, cheese in plastic wrap, and water
and milk in blow-molded plastic containers. Some plastics now prevent gas from escaping from pressurized soda bottles, but cans and
glass are still for beer.

Plastics in Transport:
 Trains, planes, and automobiles-even ships, satellites, and space stations use plastics extensively. We use to build ships from wood and
planes from a string(hemp) and canvas(cotton/flax). We had to work with the materials that nature provided. No more-we now design our
materials. Whatever mode of transport you pick you will find plastic is used extensively, for example:

• Seating
• Paneling
• Instrument enclosures
• Surface coverings
Plastics are even used in combination with other materials are used as structural elements in all kinds of
Transport. Yes, even skateboards, rollerblades, and bicycles.
 EVILS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF
PLASTIC

 Plastic bags kill at least 100,000 birds, whales, seals, and turtles every year.

 It takes almost 1000 years for plastics to decay and mix with soil.

 Plastics with a thickness of fewer than 35 microns are the most harmful ones to nature. They are mostly
dished out by retailers and takeaway food outlets.

 Food is not safe in these and is prone to cross-contamination.

 PURPOSE OF THE ANTI-PLASTIC
CAMPAIGN

 Educate the public about the adverse effects of plastic bags on the environment- made from petroleum,
which creates pollution, depletes natural resources, fatal consumption by animals, and high costs, in the
long run, to clean up litter, non-biodegradable.
 Provide ways for the public to make a difference- reduce, reuse, recycle.
 Inform the public with the most updated information about anti-plastic issues.
 Communicate with the public one-on-one to promote grass root organization.
 Short-term goal is to reduce, reuse, and recycle but in the long run hope to achieve a zero-waste policy.
 RECOMMENDATION OF ANTI-PLASTIC
CAMPAIGN
It is pretty tough in this day and age to avoid contact with plastic completely. Nonetheless, there are numerous things that anyone.
anywhere can do that will drastically reduce your plastic footprint on the environment and help you live a healthier life. All it takes
is a little awareness and initiative.
Avoid the worst common plastics:
 There is no need to be eating or drinking toxic plastic residues. Identify the type of plastic of a product by looking at the recycling
symbol Molded on the item.
 Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC): An extremely toxic plastic often containing multiple unsafe additives, including lead and phthalates. Still
used for some toys, clear food and non-food packaging(e.g., cling wrap), some squeeze bottles, cooking oil, and peanut butter Jura.
 Polystyrene(PS): Contains styrene, which is toxic to the brain, nervous system, and various organs. Used in Styrofoam containers,
egg cartons, disposable cups and bowls, take-out food containers, and plastic cutlery.
 Polycarbonate (Other): Contains Bisphenol (BPA) which has been linked to numerous health problems. Used in some baby bottles,
clear plastic “sippy cups, sport water bottles, and juice and ketchup container.
Use non-plastic containers for food lunches, leftovers, freezing, storage, take-out, and traveling:
 There are now a variety of options to help us avoid using plastic for storing food.
V Stainless steel and glass containers-airtight and non-airtight-with stainless steel lids
V Layered tiffin for carrying various items at once in separate layers (e.g. nuts, fruit, chips, hummus, rice, curry ... whatever)
V Insulated stainless steel thermal containers-for hot meals on the go
V Compartmentalized bento boxes made of stainless steel and wood
Carry your non-plastic cutlery and straw:
 Plastic disposable cutlery and straws are among the worst plastic pollution culprits. Like bags, single-use utensils are usually used, once for a few minutes, and then
recycled or thrown away Plus, much of the plastic cutlery, especially at take-out places and events like festivals, is made of polystyrene, so the user is getting a little
dose of hormone disruptors.
 We should get in the habit of carrying our cutlery with us and leaving a set in the car.
Buy in bulk to minimize or eliminate packaging:
 This goes for food and drinks as well as cleaning supplies, personal care products, and hardware Items
anything that may come in plastic packaging. Bulk food and supply sections are normal at natural health food
and environmental stores and becoming the norm at regular supermarkets as well.
 Bring your containers and just have them weighed before you fill them up.

Look around the kitchen and see what plastics can be replaced:
 We should use glass and steel containers to store our groceries in our kitchen. This would save a lot of plastic.
 PLASTIC RECYCLING IS A MYTH

 Plastic cannot be recycled. More accurately, plastic is merely downcycled. This means that you can only
turn one plastic item into a lower-grade plastic product, and NOT in perpetuity as the classic recycling
symbol suggests. Most often, you just extend the life of the plastic product for one iteration until it gets
trashed.
 Thus nobody can say that they "recycle" plastic. We put plastics out in recycling containers and these are
taken away. where? Nobody knows. Most of the plastic disposables from the West Coast used to get shipped
to China where they were burned for energy or melted into low-quality plastic. China has now closed its
doors to our trash, leaving westerners scratching their heads about what to do with all our plastic waste.
 Recycling plastics is a myth, designed to perpetuate a business built around the generation of waste.
 BIOPLASTICS ARE NOT THE SOLUTION
Bioplastics are just plastics made with plants, Bioplastics may or may not be biodegradable,
and may or may not be toxic, just like any other plastic. Bioplastics raise lots of questions. As
of today, the term Bioplastics lends itself to greenwashing. The term biodegradable needs to be
defined(plutonium is also biodegradable ... just give it 300,000 years Some "biodegradable"
plastics take years to disappear, some require Heat in commercial composting facilities, and
some do not Biodegrade at all if they end up in landfills or the marine Environment.
Biodegradable plastic may leave toxic contaminants in the soil And water. All biodegradable
plastics require the use of water, land, Energy, and crops (largely GMO). Lots of questions
need to be asked. The most important question is do we need disposable plastics?
Biodegradable plastics cannot become an excuse to perpetuate our throwaway habits.
 STATUS OF ANTI-PLASTIC CAMPAIGN

In India the use of plastic bags has been banned in the following states:
 Bengaluru/Bangalore(Ban on plastics in Bengaluru was imposed from mid march 2016)
 Maharashtra
 Delhi
 Punjab
 Rajasthan
 Himanchal Pradesh,
 Goa and
 West Bengal

Gujarat implemented the ban on plastic carry bags below 40 microns in April this year, following a Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) notification on
plastic waste management rules 2011. The state has been slow in the implementation of the MOEF norm.
Delhi: The government has put a complete ban on the use of any type of plastic. The Indian laws on plastic use are
covered under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 which has provisions for punishing the offender with five years of
imprisonment or a fine up to Rs.1 lakh or both.
The zero-plastic waste campaign of the WBPCB(West Bengal Pollution Control Board)thus includes awareness programs
involving NGOs and school students of Different districts, in order to fight the problem of plastic waste in the state.
Anti Plastic-Ban on Plastics in Nilgiris District
 In the past years in the Nilgiris, the use of plastic has been causing extensive damage to the environment in and around the
Nilgiris. Since the Nilgiris district is visited by a number of tourists they also bring along with them disposable polythene
bags, plastic cups, disposable plastic plates, etc. However, a program against disposable plastics has now been launched in
the Nilgiris and is under operation. The program has been named Anti-plastic Campaign”. Several steps are being taken
with the cooperation of the local residents NGOs and the business community to protect the Nilgiris from the plastic
menace.
• Effective implementation of the law by the local government for the correct use of plastic by the common
people needs to address the following issues:
• Use of plastic for packaging household grocery Items in wholesale as well as retail shops, malls, shopping
complexes, showrooms, public places, and various markets should be banned completely in one go. Strict
rule/law declaring the use of plastic is a punishable offense should be use implemented of plastic
immediately in public. places Hefty amount should be fine imposed effectively.
• In the long term prospect Effective law to stop manufacturing plastic items specially polythene bags at first
hand by the small Acute Plastic industries.
• Motivate the general public to substitute plastic bags With used papers, newspaper, recycled paper bags, and
cheap And durable shopping bags from bio-degradable organic Products of various plants and trees like jute,
leaves, Fibers, etc. need to be encouraged through various media and voluntary public campaign.
 Public awareness campaigns through various media both electronic and the fourth estate to not use plastic bags
on a daily dose basis is very essential. The toxic character of Plastic items’ non-degradable polymer compounds
needs to be highlighted through media as it blocks the chain of natural Balancing mechanism of the eco-system.
 All institutions from the grassroots level should impart mandatory programs and co-curricular activities towards
anti-plastic campaigns as part of their learning program and award by special bonus %age points for such
activities in a calendar year. This will create awareness amongst the people swiftly and will pave the way for the
next generation to make the city cleaner.
 All local voluntary organizations and clubs should join hands to Exert pressure on the local Govt. to implement
the above Criteria successfully for a cleaner city as well as to create awareness amongst various levels at the
last.
 ANTI PLASTIC LAW
• Ministry of Environment and forest published Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules. 1999, which includes the following:
• Prohibition of usage of carrying bags or containers made of recycled plastics, No vendor shall use carry bags or containers made of
recycled plastics for storing, carrying, dispensing, or packaging foodstuffs.
• Conditions of Manufacture of carry bags and containers, made of plastics: Any person may manufacture carry bags or containers
made of plastics if the following conditions are satisfied, namely-.
• Carry bags and containers made of virgin plastic shall be in the natural shade or white;
• Carry bags and containers made of recycled plastic and used for purposes other than storing and packaging foodstuffs shall be
manufactured using pigments colorants as per IS:9833:1981 entitled "List of pigments and colorants for use in plastics in contact
with Foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and drinking water”.
• Recycling: Recycling of plastics shall be undertaken strictly by the Bureau of Indian Standards specification:15S 14534: 1998
entitled "The Guidelines for Recycling of Plastics".
• Marking/codification: Manufacturers of recycled Plastic carry bags having printing facilities shall code/mark
Carry bags and containers as per the Bureau of Indian Standard Specification: IS 14534: 1998 entitled “The
Guidelines for Recycling of Plastics” and the end product made out of Recycled plastics shall be marked as”
recycled” along with The indication of the percentage of use of recycled material Other manufacturers, who
do riot have printing facilities shall comply with the condition within one year of publication of these rules.
Manufacturers shall print on each packet of carrying bags whether these are made of "recycled material" or
"virgin plastic".
• The thickness of Carrying bags: The minimum thickness of carry bags made of virgin plastics or recycled
plastics shall not be less than 20 microns.
• Self-regulation by certain persons: The Plastics Industry Association, through its member units, shall
undertake self-regulate measures.
 ALTERNATIVES OF PLASTIC BAGS
• Glass
• Sometimes going back in time is a good thing. Unlike plastic, which often is derived from fossil fuels, glass is made
from sand. This renewable resource doesn’t contain chemicals that can leach into your food or body. And it’s easily
recycled.
• Reusable Shopping bags
• Such bags made from jute, cloth, nylon, etc. can be used instead of plastic bags for shopping purposes.
• Plastic Additives
• Additives called degradant concentrates(PDCs)promote oxidation processes that break the plastic down into brittle,
low-molecular-weight fragments. Microorganisms gobble up the fragments as they disintegrate, turning them into
carbon dioxide, water, and biomass, which reportedly contain no harmful residues.
• Biodegradable plastic
• Researchers are revitalizing the idea of converting casein the principal protein found in milk, into a
biodegradable material that matches the stiffness and compressibility of polystyrene. The future of casein
plastic isn’t certainly swapping it for petroleum-based polystyrene would certainly give us another reason to
love milk.
• Paper Bags
• Donate old newspapers and magazines to small institutes that cut these old papers into paper bags packets
• Baskets and trolleys
• Use of Wicker baskets and trolleys is another way to reduce the use of the plastic bag
 CONCLUSION
• Plastic waste is a pressing issue, especially in the big cities of India like
Delhi and Mumbai. Several steps are being taken for controlling the
issue still there is a lot more to do in this field. Various government
initiatives are required along with awareness among the people.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 THANKS
FOR WATCHING