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UNIT - II of Hundu Marriage
UNIT - II of Hundu Marriage
1. Identity of
caste between
the parties
Pratiloma
Anuloma
2. Beyond the prohibited degree of
relationship
3. Proper performance of ceremonies of
marriage.
Conditions (new) hindu marriage act 1955
• Section 5 of Hindu marriage act, 1955 • 1955 ರ ಹಿಂದೂ ವಿವಾಹ ಕಾಯ್ದೆಯ ಸೆಕ್ಷನ್ 5 ಹಿಂದೂ
• says conditions for a Hindu marriage ; a marriage may
ವಿವಾಹದ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಗಳು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ; ಈ ಕೆಳಗಿನ
be solemnized between any two Hindus , if the following
conditions are fulfilled, namely: ಷರತ್ತು ಗಳನ್ನು ಪೂರೈಸಿದರೆ, ಯಾವುದೇ ಇಬ್ಬ ರು
• any one party living to the spouse at the time of ಹಿಂದೂಗಳ ನಡುವೆ ವಿವಾಹವನ್ನು ಘನೀಕರಿಸಬಹುದು:
marriage; ಅವುಗಳೆಂದರೆ: ಮದುವೆಯ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಗಾತಿಗೆ
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• At the time of the marriage, neither party,-
ವಾಸಿಸುವ ಯಾವುದೇ ಒಂದು ಪಕ್ಷ; ಎ ಮದುವೆಯ
(a) Is incapable of giving valid consent, to it in ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ, ಯಾವುದೇ ಪಕ್ಷ, - (ಎ) ಮಾನ್ಯ
consequence of unsoundness of mind; or ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆಯನ್ನು ನೀಡಲು ಅಸಮರ್ಥವಾಗಿದೆ, ಮನಸ್ಸಿನ
(b) Though capable of giving a valid consent, has been ಅಸ್ಪ ಷ್ಟ ತೆಯ ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾಗಿ; ಅಥವಾ (ಬಿ) ಮಾನ್ಯ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ
suffering from mental disorder of such a kind or to such
an extend as to be unfit for marriage and the procreation ನೀಡುವ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದ ರೂ, ಅಂತಹ ರೀತಿಯ
of children; or ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಅಸ್ವ ಸ್ಥ ತೆಯಿಂದ ಬಳಲುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಅಥವಾ
(c) Has been subject to the recurrent attacks of insanity ಮದುವೆ ಮತ್ತು ಮಕ್ಕ ಳ ಸಂತಾನೋತ್ಪ ತ್ತಿಗೆ
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• The bridegroom has been completed age of twenty one
ಅನರ್ಹರಾಗಿರುವಂತಹ ವಿಸ್ತರಣೆಗೆ ಒಳಗಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ;
years and the bride the age of completed eighteen years ಅಥವಾ (ಸಿ) ಹುಚ್ಚು ತನದ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತ ದಾಳಿಗೆ
at the time of marriage; ಒಳಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ ಮದುಮಗನಿಗೆ ಇಪ್ಪ ತ್ತೊಂದು ವರ್ಷ ಮತ್ತು
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ವಧುವಿನ ಮದುವೆಯ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಹದಿನೆಂಟು ವರ್ಷ
• The parties are not within the decrees of prohibited
relationship, unless the custom permits the marriage; ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಂಡಿದೆ; ಎ ಕಸ್ಟ ಮ್ ಮದುವೆಗೆ ಅನುಮತಿ
 ನೀಡದ ಹೊರತು ಪಕ್ಷಗಳು ನಿಷೇಧಿತ ಸಂಬಂಧದ
• The parties are not Sapindas of each other, unless the ತೀರ್ಪಿನೊಳಗೆ ಇರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ ; ಎ ಕಸ್ಟ ಮ್ ಅಥವಾ
custom or usage permits the marriage between two;
ಬಳಕೆಯು ಇಬ್ಬ ರ ನಡುವಿನ ಮದುವೆಯನ್ನು
ಅನುಮತಿಸದ ಹೊರತು ಪಕ್ಷಗಳು ಪರಸ್ಪ ರ ಸಪಿಂಡಾಗಳಲ್ಲ ;
Conditions for a Hindu marriage section 5
• A marriage may be solemnized between any two Hindus, if the following
conditions are fulfilled, namely-
• neither party has a spouse living at the time of the marriage;
• at the time of the marriage, neither party-
– is incapable of giving a valid consent to it in consequence of unsoundness of mind; or
– though capable of giving a valid consent, has been suffering from mental disorder of such a
kind or to such an extent as to be unfit for marriage and the procreation of children; or
– has been subject to recurrent attacks of insanity;
• the bridegroom has completed the age of twenty-one years and the bride, the
age of eighteen years at the time of the marriage;
• the parties are not within the degrees of prohibited relationship unless the
custom or usage governing each of them permits of a marriage between the two;
• the parties are not sapindas of each other, unless the custom or usage governing
each of them permits of a marriage between the two;
PROOF OF MARRIAGE SECTION 8
• Registration of Hindu marriages. ”For the purpose of
facilitating the proof of Hindu marriages, the State Government
may make rules providing that the parties to any such marriage
may have the particulars relating to their marriage entered in
such manner and subject to such conditions as may be
prescribed in a Hindu Marriage Register kept for the purpose.”
• ಹಿಂದೂ ವಿವಾಹಗಳ ಪುರಾವೆಗಳನ್ನು ಸುಗಮಗೊಳಿಸುವ ಉದ್ದೇಶಕ್ಕಾಗಿ, ರಾಜ್ಯ
ಸರ್ಕಾರವು ಅಂತಹ ಯಾವುದೇ ವಿವಾಹದ ಪಕ್ಷಗಳು ತಮ್ಮ ಮದುವೆಗೆ
ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿದ ವಿವರಗಳನ್ನು ಈ ರೀತಿಯಾಗಿ ನಮೂದಿಸಿರಬಹುದು ಮತ್ತು
ನಿಗದಿಪಡಿಸಿದ ಷರತ್ತು ಗಳಿಗೆ ಒಳಪಟ್ಟಿರುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂದು ಒದಗಿಸುವ
ನಿಯಮಗಳನ್ನು ಮಾಡಬಹುದು. ಹಿಂದೂ ವಿವಾಹ ರಿಜಿಸ್ಟ ರ್ ಅನ್ನು
ಉದ್ದೇಶಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ಇರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.
RELATED CASES
1. Smt Seema v/s Ashwani Kumar 2006
2. Non-entry not to affect validity of marriage:
1. Shaji v. Gopinath 1995
Matrimonial remedies under Hindu law
• The remedies may include: • ಪರಿಹಾರಗಳು ಇವುಗಳನ್ನು
1. Restitution of Conjugal ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರಬಹುದು:
Rights (Section 9) • ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಹಕ್ಕು ಗಳ
2. Judicial Separation (Section • ಮರುಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (ವಿಭಾಗ 9)
10) • ನ್ಯಾಯಾಂಗ ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕತೆ (ವಿಭಾಗ 10)
3. Void and Voidable • ಅನೂರ್ಜಿತ ಮತ್ತು
Marriage (Section 11 & 12) ತಪ್ಪಿಸಬಹುದಾದ ಮದುವೆ (ವಿಭಾಗ
11 ಮತ್ತು 12)
4. Divorce (Section 13)
• ವಿಚ್ orce ೇದನ (ಸೆಕ್ಷನ್ 13)
5. Divorce by Mutual Consent
• ಪರಸ್ಪ ರ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆಯಿಂದ ವಿಚ್ orce
(Section 13B)
ೇದನ (ವಿಭಾಗ 13 ಬಿ)
1. Restitution of Conjugal Rights (Section 9)
(ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಹಕ್ಕು ಗಳ ಮರುಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ)
• When the rights arise? • Constitutionality of
• Marriage laws section 9 of the Hindu
(amendment)Act 1976:
– “Where a question arises
Marriage Act:
whether there has been – T. Sareetha v. Venkata
reasonable excuse for Subbaiah 1983. article
withdrawal from the society, the
burden of proving reasonable
21.
excuse shall be on the person – Smt. Havinder kaur v.
who has withdrawn from the Harmander sing 1984
society.”
Article 14 and 21.
• Related cases:
– Sushila Bai v. Prem Narayan 1976
1. Reasonable excuse or just cause:
1. Pramilabala v. Rabindranath 1977
2. Working women and restitution of conjugal
rights:
1. N.R.Radhakrishna v. N. Dhanalaxmi 1957
2. Kailashwati v. Ayodhya prasad 1977
Grossly indecent
behavior
Financial
position
Unnatural
offence
Agreement
Cruelty
Judicial separation section 10
• section 10 (1) • section 10 (2)
Either party to a marriage, Where a decree for judicial
whether solemnised before or separation has been passed,
after the commencement of this it shall no longer be
Act, may present a petition
obligatory for the petitioner to
praying for a decree for judicial
separation on any of the
cohabit with the respondent,
grounds specified in sub- but the court may, on the
section application by petition of
(1) of section 13, and in the case either party and on being
of a wife also on any of the satisfied of the truth of the
grounds specified in sub-section statements made in such
(2) thereof, as grounds on which petition, rescind the decree if
a petition for divorce might have it considers it just and
been presented. reasonable to do so.
A. Grounds available to husband and wife