FLUID DYNAMICS

By Nagendra(2k20/b7/30) & Vaibhav(2k20/b7/31)

“ALMOST EVERYTHING IN OUR WORLD IS
IN CONTACT WITH A FLUID OR IS ITSELF
A FLUID.”
DO YOU KNOW WHAT ARE
FLUIDS CAPABLE OF?
THE MOST INDUSTRIAL USES OF FLUIDS ARE LISTED

➢ IT IS MAINLY USED IN
HYDROELECTRIC POWER
PLANTS WHICH IS MAINLY
BASED ON WATER

➢ IT ALSO HAS ITS CONTRIBUTION

IN BOTH THERMAL AND
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
 FLUIDS PLAY VERY CRUCIAL ROLES
IN BOTH THERMAL AND NUCLEAR
POWER PLANTS AS LISTED BELOW:
➢ IN THERMAL POWER PLANT WATER
IS USED AS THE PRIMARY COOLING
FLUID.
➢ IN BOTH NUCLEAR AND THERMAL
POWER PLANTS, WATER IS
CONVERTED TO STEAM AND THE
CONVERTED STEAM IS USED TO RUN
THE TURBINE TO GENERATE
ELECTRICITY.
APPLICATION OF FLUIDS IN MECHANICAL INDUSTRY

1. In the design and analysis of aircrafts, boats, submarines.

2. In the design of pumps, turbines and pipelines for transportation of water,
crude oil and natural gas.
3. In IC engine, air conditioning, fuel flow, external aerodynamics etc.
4. In missiles, ships and underwater vehicles in the military.
5. In designing and managing turbomachines like blower, propeller etc.
6. In the convective cooling of the generated heat in the electronic industry.
7. In the design of various chemical processing equipments.
Specifically, the applications of fluids in the automobile industry are as:

1. The brake system.

2. The engine oil system.
3. The automatic transmission system.
4. The air conditioning system.
5. The power steering system.
6. The cooling system.
7. The hydraulic clutch system(if it’s a manual transmission).
One of the most important uses fluids find is:

FLUID HYDRAULICS

Fluid hydraulics plays a very important role in simplifying the human

existence as we will see:
Areas where fluid hydraulics is used:

1. In backhoes, spreaders, tractors.

2. In truck brakes and suspensions.
3. In highway maintenance vehicles.
4. In earthmovers, cranes etc.
5. Hydraulic press.
6. Hydraulic elevators.
7. Shock absorber.
8. Hydraulic brake system.
Hydraulic elevator:
A pump forces hydraulic fluid from a tank into a
cylinder. The cylinder is connected to a valve
which allows the fluid in & out of the cylinder.
When the valve is closed, the fluid goes into the
cylinder & the pressure pushes on the piston. The
hydraulic arm then raises the elevator up to the
next floor. When the valve opens, the hydraulic
fluid rushes out of the cylinder & back into the
tank, which allows the elevator cab to descend
slowly and safely.
Hydraulic brake system:
A hydraulic brake is an arrangement of braking mechanism which uses brake fluid, typically
containing glycol ethers or diethylene glycol, to transfer pressure from the controlling mechanism to
the braking mechanism.

When the brake pedal is pressed, a pushrod exerts force on the piston(s) in the master cylinder,
causing fluid from the brake fluid reservoir to flow into a pressure chamber through a compensating
port. This forces fluid through the hydraulic lines toward 4 caliper pistons then apply force to the
brake pads, which pushes them against the spinning rotor, and the friction between the pads and the
rotor causes a braking torque to be generated, slowing the vehicle. Heat generated by this friction is
either dissipated through vents and channels in the rotor or conducted through the pads, which are
made of specialized heat-tolerant materials such as kevlar or sintered glass.

Subsequent release of the brake pedal/lever allows spring(s) to return the master piston(s) back into
position. This relieves the hydraulic pressure on the caliper, allowing the brake piston in the caliper
assembly to slide back into its housing and the brake pads to release the rotor.
Conclusion
Fluids play a very important role in our lives, be it the air in our
lungs or the water we use. They play crucial roles in the
automotive industry, mechanical industry, chemical industry and
even in defense. The advent of fluid hydraulics has almost altered
the cause of many human lives. Fluids hold an undeniable place
of importance in most of the fields.