MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH

NURSING

15 V A C C IN E
P R E V E N TA B LE
DISEASES
C re at ed by:
M a r i e l l e L. Ramos BSN 2
C
 Vaccine Prevention Diseases
Presentation Outline Tuberculosis

Hepatitis B

Today' s Topics Poliomyelitis

Diphtheria

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Tetanus

Haemophilus Influenza B Disease

Pneumococcal Diseases

N U R S IN G
Measle

H E A LTH
s

Mumps

C H ILD
Rubella

A N D
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

M A TE R N A L
Influenza

Rotavirus

Japanese Encephalitis
V AC C IN E P R E V E N T I O N D I S E A S E S

Infectious diseases caused by viruses

or bacteria that can be prevented with

N U R S IN G
vaccines.

H E A LTH
https://dchealth.dc.gov/page/vaccine-preventable-diseases

C H ILD
A N D
M A TE R N A L
 TUBERCULOSIS
A disease caused by germs that are spread from person
to person through the air.

TB usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of
BODY PARTS the body, such as the brain, the kidneys, or the spine.

TB bacteria spread through the air from one person to another.

W h e n a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs,
TRANSMISSION speaks, or sings, TB bacteria can get into the air. People
nearby may breathe in these bacteria a n d b e c o m e infected.

Keeping your i m m u n e system healthy a n d avoiding exposure to

someone with active TB is the best way to prevent a TB
P R EVEN TIO N
infection.
Did you know?

PER SON WITH TUBERCULOSIS SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

Coughing for three or more
weeks Coughing u p blood or
mucus
Ch est p ain, or p ain w ith b reath ing

N U R SIN G
or coughing
Unintentional weight

H E A LTH
loss Fatigue
fever

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Night sweats
Chills

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Loss of
appetite

M A TE R N A L
 HEPATITI
person through Sthe B
A disease caused by germs that are spread from person to
air. -a potentially life-threatening liver
infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).

The hepatitis B virus attacks the liver. The virus can lead to serious
BODY PARTS illness, liver damage and, in some cases, death.

From mot her to child at birth (perinatal transmission) or

through horizontal transmission (exposure to infected blood) as
TRANSMISSION well as through other body fluids during sex with an infected
partner, unsafe injections or exposures to sharp instruments.

W H O r e c o m m e n d s giving infants the hepatitis B vaccine within

24 hours of birth, followed by 2 or 3 doses 4 weeks apart.
P R EVEN TIO N
U se of an tiviral p rop h ylaxis for th e p reven tion of h ep atitis B
transmission from mother-to-child.
Did you know?

P ER SON WITH HEPATITIS B SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

Fever
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Nausea

N U R SIN G
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Dark urine

H E A LTH
Clay-colored bowel movements
Joint pain

C H ILD
Jaundice (yellow color in the skin or the
eyes)

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M A TE R N A L
 POLIOMYELITI
S the poliovirus.
A disabling and life-threatening disease caused by

P oliom yelitis can affect the brain and spinal cord, p olio can
BODY PARTS cause paralysis or even death.

Polio spreads from person-to-person through contact with the

p o o p (often tiny, invisible amounts) of an infected person. More
TRANSMISSION rarely, it can spread through the sneeze or c o u g h droplets
from an infected person.

The most effective way to prevent polio is vaccination.

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) given as an injection in
P R EVEN TIO N
the leg or arm, d e p e n d i n g on the patient’s age a n d Oral
poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is still used throughout m u c h of the
world.
Did you know?

P ER SON WITH POLIOMYELITIS SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

Upper respiratory infection (feels like
a cold)
Sore throat
Fever

N U R SIN G
Diarrhea
Nausea and
Vomiting Stomach

H E A LTH
pain Headache
General feeling of

C H ILD
being sick

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M A TE R N A L
 DIPHTHERI
A serious infection caused by strains of bacteria
A
called Corynebacterium diphtheriae that make
toxin.
Diphtheria usually affects the mucous membranes of the nose
BODY PARTS and throat.

Spread from person to person, usually through respiratory

droplets, like from coughing or sneezing. People can also get
TRANSMISSION sick from touching infected o pe n sores or ulcers.

C D C rec om m en d s vac c in es for in fan ts, c h ild ren , teen s, an d

adults to prevent diphtheria.
P R EVEN TIO N
M ost p eop le rec eive th eir first vac c in ation for th e d isease
as children a n d this is the DPT vaccine.
Did you know?

P ER SON WITH DIPHTHERIA SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

A thick grey-white coating that

may cover the back of your throat,
nose and tongue

N U R SIN G
A high temperature (fever)
Sore throat

H E A LTH
Swollen glands in your neck

C H ILD
Difficulty breathing and swallowing

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M A TE R N A L
 PERTUSSIS (WHOOPING
COUGH)
A highly contagious respiratory infection caused by
the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.

The pertussis bacteria affects/enter the lungs and cause swelling

BODY PARTS and irritation in the airways leading to severe coughing fits.

Pertussis bacteria are spread through droplets p r o d u c e d during

coughing or sneezing. These droplets don't travel very far
TRANSMISSION through the air a n d usually only infect persons nearby.

The best way to prevent pertussis is to get the pertussis

vaccine. The pertussis vaccine does not contain live bacteria
a n d cannot give you the infection.
P R EVEN TIO N
Wash hands well with soap a n d water or use an alcohol-based
sanitizer.
Did you know?

PER SON WITH PERTUSIS SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

Runny or stuffed-up nose

Low-grade fever (less than 100.4°F)
Mild, occasional cough (babies d o

N U R SIN G
not do this)
Apnea (life-threatening pauses in

H E A LTH
breathing) and cyanosis (turning blue

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or purple) in babies and young

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children

M A TE R N A L
 TETANUS
A serious disease of the nervous system caused by a
toxin- producing bacterium.

In th e jaw m uscles (lockjaw ). Th e sp asm s can also affect your

BODY PARTS chest, neck, back, and abdominal muscles.

It does not spread from person to person. The bacteria are

usually found in soil, dust, a n d manure an d enter the body
TRANSMISSION through breaks in the skin — usually cuts or puncture wo unds
caused by co nt ami nat ed objects.

Vac c in ation an d good w ou n d c are are im p ortan t to h elp

prevent tetanus infection.
P R EVEN TIO N
Immunisation is the only effective prevention of tetanus.
Did you know?

P ER SON WITH TETANUS SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

Painful muscle spasms and stiff,
immovable muscles (muscle rigidity) in
your jaw
Tension of m uscles around your lip s,

N U R SIN G
sometimes producing a persistent grin
Painful spasms and rigidity in your neck

H E A LTH
muscles
Difficulty swallowing

C H ILD
Rigid abdominal muscles

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M A TE R N A L
 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA B
DISEASE
a bacterial infection that can cause a number of
seriousH aem op h ilus influenzae
illnesses, typin
particularly e young
b affects the airw ays, skin, ears,
BODY PARTS bones or brain.
children.

Transmitted person-to-person by inhalation of respiratory

droplets or by direct contact with respiratory tract secretions.
TRANSMISSION Neonates can acquire infection by aspiration of amniotic fluid or
contact with genital tract secretions during delivery.

Staying u p to date with recommended vaccines a n d

maintaining healthy habits, like washing hands often a n d not
P R EVEN TIO N
having close contact with people w h o are sick.
Did you know?

P ER SON WITH SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

HAEMOPHILUS
Fever and chills
INFLUENZA B DISEASE
Excessive tiredness
Pain in the belly
Nausea with or without

N U R SIN G
vomiting Diarrhea
Anxiety

H E A LTH
Sh ortness of b reath or
d ifficulty breathing

C H ILD
Altered mental status (confusion)

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M A TE R N A L
 PNEUMOCOCCAL
Any infection caused by bacteria called
DISEASES Streptococcus pneumoniae, or
pneumococcus.
P neum ococcal d iseases affects lungs, brain or spinal cord,
BODY PARTS or blood.

People spread p n e u m o c o c c a l bacteria to others through direct

TRANSMISSION contact with respiratory secretions, like saliva or mucus.

Vaccination is the best way to prevent p n e u m o c o c c a l infection.

There are two types of p n e u m o c o c c a l vaccine – p n e u m o c o c c a l
conjugate (PCV, known as Prevnar) and pneumococcal
P R EVEN TIO N
polysaccharide (PPSV, k n o w n as Pneumovax).
Frequent handwashing a n d by covering your m o u t h w h e n
co ug hi ng or sneezing.
Did you know?

CHILD WITH P N E U M O C O C C A L SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

DISEASE Fever
Cough
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Stiff

N U R SIN G
neck
Confusion

H E A LTH
Increased sensitivity to
light Joint pain

C H ILD
Chills
Ear pain

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Sleep lessness

M A TE R N A L
Irritability.
 MEASLES
An infection that spreads very easily and can cause
serious problems in some people. One of the most
contagious diseases.
Usually appears first on the face and behind the ears, then spreads
BODY PARTS downward to the chest and back and finally to the feet.

It can spread to others through coughing a n d sneezing. If other

people breathe the co nt ami nat ed air or touch the infected
TRANSMISSION surface, then t ouch their eyes, noses, or mouths, they can
b e c o m e infected.

Measles can be prevented with measles-containing vaccine,

which is primarily administered as the co mb i n at i o n
P R EVEN TIO N
measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Did you know?

CHILD WITH MEASLES SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

Fever
Dry cough
Runny nose
Sore throat
Inflamed

N U R SIN G
eyes
(conjunctivi

H E A LTH
tis)
Tiny white spots with bluish-white centers
on a red background found inside the

C H ILD
m o u t h on the inner lining of the cheek —

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also called Koplik's spots
A skin rash m a d e u p of large, flat blotches

M A TE R N A L
that often flow into one another
 MUMPS
A viral infection that primarily affects saliva-producing
(salivary) glands that are located near your ears.

M u m p s usually affects parotid salivary glands (cheek and jaw

BODY PARTS
area)

Transmitted person to person through direct contact with saliva

or respiratory droplets of a person infected with m um ps . The
TRANSMISSION risk of spreading the virus increases the longer a n d the closer
the contact a person has with someone w h o has mu m ps .

Vaccination is the best way to prevent m u m p s a n d m u m p s

complications. Vaccine is i n c l ud ed in the co mb i n at i o n
P R EVEN TIO N
m easles-m u m p s-ru b ella (M M R ) an d m easles-m u m p s-
rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccines.
Did you know?

CHILD WITH M U M P S SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

P ain in th e sw ollen salivary gland s
on one or both sides of your face
Pain while chewing or
swallowing Fever

N U R SIN G
Headache
Muscle aches

H E A LTH
Weakness and fatigue
Loss of appetite

C H ILD
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M A TE R N A L
 RUBELL
A contagious viral infection best known by its
A distinctive red rash.
Rub ella is an infection th at m ostly affects th e skin and lym p h
BODY PARTS nodes.

Rubella spreads w h e n an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Also, if a w o m a n is infected with rubella while she is pregnant,
TRANSMISSION
she can pass it to her developing baby a n d cause serious harm.

The best way to prevent rubella is vaccination with the

M M R vaccine. It's about 97% effective at preventing rubella
P R EVEN TIO N
infection.
Did you know?

P ER SON WITH RUBELLA SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

Mild fever of 102 F (38.9 C) or lower
Headache
Stuffy or runny
nose Red, itchy
eyes

N U R SIN G
Enlarged, tender lymph nodes at the
base of the skull, the back of the neck

H E A LTH
and behind the ears
A fine, pink rash that begins on the face

C H ILD
and
th en quickly
the armspreads
s and to the trunkb efore
legs, and
disappearing in the same order

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Aching joints, especially in young w o m e n

M A TE R N A L
 HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS
(HPV)
A viral infection that commonly causes skin or
The skin
mucous of the penis,
membrane vulva (area
growths outside the vagina), and anus,
(warts).
BODY PARTS and the linings of the vagina, cervix, and rectum, also m o u t h &
throat.

By having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone w h o has the

virus. It is most c o m m o n l y spread during vaginal or anal sex. It
TRANSMISSION
also spreads through close skin-to-skin touching during sex.

G et vac c in ated . H P V vac c in es c an p reven t m ost c ases

of cervical, vaginal, vulvar, an d anal cancers.
P R EVEN TIO N
Use condom, avoid direct contact an d get tested.
Did you know?

P ER SON WITH SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

HUMAN
HPV that affects your genitals
PAPILLOMA VIRUS doesn’t cause
usually symptoms. When
symptoms do occur, the most
c o m m o n sign of the virus is warts in

N U R SIN G
your genital area. Genital warts are
rough, cauliflower- like lumps that grow
on your skin. They may appear weeks,

H E A LTH
months or even years after you’ve been
infected with HPV. Genital warts are

C H ILD
contagious (like all forms of HPV), but

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they’re harmless.

M A TE R N A L
 INFLUENZA
An infection of the nose, throat and lungs, which are part
of the respiratory system.

Influenza affects nose, throat and lungs.

BODY PARTS

Spread mainly by droplets m a d e w h e n people with flu cough,

sneeze, or talk. These droplets can land in the m o u t h s or noses
TRANSMISSION of people w h o are nearby (usually within about 6 feet away) or
possibly be inhaled into the lungs.

Best way to prevent influenza is to get a flu vaccine every year.

Wash Your Hands Thoroughly & Frequently.
P R EVEN TIO N Stay active an d Sleep tight
Eat a Nutrient-Rich Diet
Did you know?

P ER SON WITH INFLUENZA SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

Fever* or feeling
feverish/chills. Cough.
Sore throat.
Runny or stuffy nose.
Muscle or body

N U R SIN G
aches. Headaches.
Fatigue (tiredness)

H E A LTH
Some people may have vomiting and
diarrhea, though this is more c o m m o n in

C H ILD
children than adults.

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M A TE R N A L
 ROTAVIRUS
A very contagious virus that causes
diarrhea.

Rotavirus affects the gastrointestinal (stomach and

BODY PARTS intestine)

It does not spread from person to person. The bacteria are

usually found in soil, dust, a n d manure an d enter the body
TRANSMISSION through breaks in the skin — usually cuts or puncture wo unds
caused by co nt ami nat ed objects.

Through vaccines it prevent of children from developing rotavirus.

wash your hands thoroughly a n d often — especially after you use
P R EVEN TIO N
the toilet, change your child's diaper or help your child use the toilet.
Did you know?

CHILD WITH ROTAVIRUS SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

Fever
Vomiting
Stomach pain
Diarrhea

N U R SIN G
Lethargic
Less desire to
drink fluids

H E A LTH
Stools that are black or contain blood or pus
High temperature in a baby younger than

C H ILD
6 months
High temperature for more than 24 hours in

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a child older than 6 months

M A TE R N A L
 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
A flavivirus related to dengue, yellow fever and West Nile
viruses, and is spread by mosquitoes.

Japanese Encephalitis affect parts of the central nervous system,

BODY PARTS including the brain and spinal cord.

Tran sm itted to h u m an s
th rou gh th e
TRANSMISSION b ite of in fec ted
C u lex species mosquitoes, particularly Culex
tritaeniorhynchus.
B
Heu m
vaccinated
an s against the infection beforeare youn ot
visit
abalepart
to of
the world where there's a risk of catching it.Jap an ese
give
P R EVEN TIO N
Applying a good-quality insect repellent to exposed
en c ep h alitis viru s areas of skin.
to other
humans.
Did you know?

CHILD WITH J A P A N E S E SIGNS A N D SYMPTOMS

ENCEPHALITIS
A high temperature
(fever) Seizures (fits)
A stiff
neck

N U R SIN G
Confusion
The inability to speak b od y p arts

H E A LTH
U ncontrollab le sh aking
of (tremor)

C H ILD
Muscle weakness or
paralysis

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M A TE R N A L
 E N D OF THE PRESEN T AT ION

Thank
you!
“To ensure good health: eat lightly, breathe
deeply, live moderately, cultivate
cheerfulness, and maintain an interest in life.”