BRAINSTORM SESSION

• WHY WAS THE AREA NOW KNOWN AS UAE  CALLED

AS THE TRUCIAL STATES?
 THE BRITISH MARITIME SYSTEM
AND THE FORMATION OF A
NATIONAL IDENTITY : 1750 - 1898
LESSON OBJECTIVES

• Comprehend how world events during colonization

affected the area now known as the UAE.
• Identify and explain the national identity
development
 BRITISH IN THE SOUTHERN
ARABIAN GULF
• By 18th Century British attempted to expand
their influence, as they started using the sea
route now through Arabian Gulf
• But Qawasim’s large navy was a challenge, as
they were constantly facing the resistance from
them.
• Later  the Al Nahyan also  became powerful in
Abu Dhabi with pearl diving in this region.
• To suppress these, British accused and created
the myth of piracy on Qawasim.
• From 1805 - 1819, after several clashes at sea
British captured Ra’s al-Khaimah and the fort of
Dhayah.
 TREATIES
• In January 1820, General Maritime Treaty was
signed between British and rulers of several of the
Emirates.
•  The aim of this treaty was to further British
control of shipping, expansion of pearling and
trade.
• Result of this treaty was the development of close
relations between Bani Yas and Qawasim.
• They were to grow in power and laid the
foundations of the modern country.
Activity – Rearrange and number the given sentences in correct
sequences. First one is done for you.
1 In 18th century, the British wanted to control shipping and trade as much as
possible in the southern gulf.

The Qawasim were falsely accused of piracy

The General Maritime Treaty was signed between the british and rulers of
the emirates

The increasing economic power of the Qawasim and Al Nayan caused the
British to fear losing their control of the sea routes

The Qawasim’s navy of over 60 large ships challenged the British sea power.

Ras al-Khaimah’s harbour and fort were destroyed

 1800-1914: Local and International Developments
• During the 1800s exploitation of the sea, deserts and oases continued
to provide basis for life among the major tribal groups in Abu Dhabi
and norther emirates
• British did not rule any emirates.

ABU DHABI
• From 1795 – 1845 Sheikh Shakhbut bin Dhiyab and his sons ruled Abu
Dhabi. He developed relationships with other tribes.
• His grandson Shiekh Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan ruled from 1855 to
1909 longest reign in Abu Dhabi’s history.
• He conducted majlis sessions to discuss and resolve conflicts among
the tribal groups.
• In this period pearling reached its peak, Dalma, the island became the
market for pearls, attracting merchants from India.
 Combination of Efforts
ABU DHABI and DUBAI
• From 1795 to 1845 Sheikh Shakhbut bin Dhiyab and his sons
ruled Abu Dhabi.
• It became the most important power in all of south-eastern
Arabia.
• The pearling industry reached its peak.
• In Dubai, Sheikh Maktoum bin Butti established the emirate
in the 1830s and became the leading trade center in the
region
• His son Sheikh Saeed bin Maktoum, continued that process
leading Dubai into the new opportunities of the 1950s.
 Combination of Efforts
• In the north Sheikh Rahma bin Matar Al Qasimi
created the Qawasim state in the first half 18th
century.
• Slowly it changed from a major regional naval
power to a key partner in laying the foundations of
the UAE of today.
 The Northern Emirates
DUBAI
• The Northern emirates also changed during this time.
• Abu Dhabi and Dubai were under one rule since 1799.
• In 1839 Al Maktoum family migrated to Dubai, under
their leader Sheikh Maktoum bin Butti  who ruled Dubai.
• In 1894 Sheikh Maktoum bin Hasher al-Maktoum became
ruler, followed by Sheikh Butti bin Suhai al-Maktoum in
1906 flourished with trade and economy
• In 1909 the British India Steam Navigation company
added Dubai as its port of call.
 The Northern Emirates
• SHARJAH and RAS AL KHAIMAH
• In 1866, Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr al Qasimi, who had
ruled Qawasim in the north died. His territory was
divided into Sharjah and Ras-al-Khaimah, ruled by
sons.
• Qawasims were forced to leave ports of Iran.
• Abu Musa became part of Sharjah
• Greater and Lesser Tunb became part of Ras al-
Khaimah.
 PLENARY
• Quick Recap

RULER EMIRATE
Sheikh Shakhbut bin Dhiyab Abu Dhabi
Sheikh Maktoum bin Hasher
Sheikh Rahma bin Matar
Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr
Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa
REFLECTIONS