Defintion

• Hemoptysis is a medical term to describe the

expectoration of blood from the lower respiratory
tract, which is anywhere from the glottis (i.e.,
pharynx with vocal cords) to the alveoli.
Causes
• Bronchitis, either short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic)
• Lung cancer
• Damaged airways (bronchiectasis), especially because of
cystic fibrosis
• Pneumonia
• Tuberculosis
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Malignancy
• Mitral stenosis
• Pneumonia
Clinical picture
• Persistent hemoptysis more than one week
• Chest pain
• Weight loss
• Night sweats
• Fever higher than 101 degrees
• Shortness of breath
• Change in cough
• Fatigue
Diagnosis and Tests
• Medical history and physical exam .
• Chest X-ray. This can show whether there’s a mass in your
chest or areas of fluid or congestion in your lungs

• CT scan . With detailed images of the inside of your chest,

this test may reveal some causes for coughing up blood.
• Bronchoscopy . Your doctor runs a flexible tube with a
camera on its end, called a bronchoscope, through your
nose or mouth and into your windpipe and airways.
Diagnosis and Tests
• Urinalysis . Some causes of hemoptysis also show up on
this simple urine test.

• Blood chemistry profile. This test measures electrolytes

and how well your kidneys are working
•.
• Complete blood count (CBC). This test checks the
number of white and red blood cells in your blood, along
with platelets (cells that help blood clot).
Diagnosis and Tests
• Coagulation tests. Changes to your blood’s ability to clot,
or coagulate, can lead to bleeding and coughing up blood.
• Arterial blood gas. This test measures the levels of
oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood. Oxygen levels can
be low in people coughing up blood.
• Pulse oximetry. A probe (usually on a finger) tests the
level of oxygen in your blood.
Hemoptysis vs. Similar
Conditions
• There are 3 condutions causing the blood coughing we differ
between them acording to
• Source of blood
• blood is coming from your lungs ~~which is hemoptysis
• From your upper respiratory tract or upper digestive tract.~~ This is called
pseudohemoptysis.
• you could be vomiting blood ~~ hematemesis.
• According to the colour of sputum
• Hemoptysis causes sputum (the material you cough up) that’s bright red or pink
and frothy.
• Pseudohemoptysis looks very similar.
• Tests might be the only way to tell the difference.
• Hematemesis brings up material that’s darker and looks like coffee grounds. It may
be mixed with bits of food.
Differential diagnosis for
haemoptysis
• There are multiple causes of haemoptysis. such as (a) infective; (b) neoplastic; (c) vascular;
(d) autoimmune; and (e) drug-related. A more detailed differential list
•
Complication
• Common complications of massive hemoptysis
include:
• Dehydration
• Asphyxia
• Airway obstruction
• Shock
• Exsanguination
Treatment
• The treatment According to the type of severety
• Life-threatening or massive hemoptysis
• Your first treatment could include:
• A tube that goes into your airways (intubation)
• Extra oxygen (ventilation and oxygenation)
• A body position in which the lung with possible
bleeding is lower than the other lung
Treatment
• When the doctor finds the source of the bleeding, they
might try to stop it with:
• Iced saline
• Medications to narrow blood vessels (vasoconstrictors) like
epinephrine or vasopressin
• Medicines to help blood clot (coagulants) like tranexamic acid
• Tiny balloons or cuffs to put pressure on the area (bronchial blockade
or balloon tamponade)
• Laser therapy
• Argon plasma coagulation (APC)
• Cryotherapy
• Embolization
Treatment
• rare cases
• , need surgery. This could involve:
• Taking out one section (lobe) of your lung
• Removing the entire lung
Treatment
• Nonlife-threatening or nonmassive
hemoptysis
• Treatment for the underlying condition will usually
take care of bleeding that isn’t dangerous. If you
have bronchitis, the most common cause of
hemoptysis, your doctor may give you antibiotics.
They might also recommend cough medicine.
• If you smoke cigarettes, stop. It’s the best thing you
can do for hemoptysis and for your overall health.
Sources
• https://www.webmd.com/lung/coughing-up-blood
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54
78790/
• https://www.starhealth.in/blog/hemoptysis-
diagnosis-and-
treatment#Symptoms_of_Hemoptysisnbsp
• Name: Sarah Mohamed gaballah Mohamed
• Group B
• Id: 392000311

• Under supervision ,Dr/yasmin abd elfatah