CNC WRITING MACHINE

Sit Dolor Amet

 MATERIALS REQUIRED TO MAKE

TOOLS TO BE USED:-
1.Drill machine
2.Screw Driver
3.Computer / Laptop
4.Glue gun
MATERIAL TO BE USED:-
5. 2 PCs Ne-ma 17 Stepper motor
6. Arduino Uno R 3
7. 12 v to 36 v DC Cell or battery
8. Pencil
9. Boll pen
10. Screw
CNC WRITING MACHINE
A PRACTICAL
RECORD FILE
IS SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS FOR THE
PARTIAL FULLFILMENT
SESSION=2022-23

Contributed BY-LAKSHAY DEEP,ANKIT SONI,SHIVAM PRASHAR,VANSH

TYAGI,PRANSHU DOLIYA,RANSH BHARADWAJ,DIVYANSHU SHARMA
 STEPPER
MOTOR
 Nema17 4.2 kg-cm Single Shaft Open Loop control mechanism so
Stepper motor can provide 4.2 kg- doesn’t require complex electronic
cm of torque at 1.7A current per control circuitry.
phase. The stepper motors move in
 The motor’s shaft has been
precisely repeatable steps, hence
machined for good grip with a
they are the motors of choice for
pulley, drive gear etc. and
the machines requiring precise
especially avoiding stall or slip.
position control.
 The motor’s position can be
commanded to move or hold at one
position with the help of Stepper  Features of NEMA17 4.2 kg-cm
Motor Drivers. The Nema17 4.2 kg- Single Shaft Stepper Motor:-
cm Stepper motor provides
excellent response to starting,  Input pulse decides the rotation
stopping and reversing pulses from angle of the motor.
stepper motor driver.  High accuracy of around 3 to 5% a
 They are very useful in the various step.
application, especially which  Provides good starting, stopping
demands low speed with high and reversing.
precision. Many machines such as
3D Printers, CNC Router and Mills,  Control of this motor is less costly
Camera Platforms, XYZ Plotters etc. because of the exclusion of
complex control circuitry.
 It is a brushless DC motor, so the
life of this motor is dependent upon  The speed is proportional to the
life of the bearings. The position frequency of the input pulse
control is achieved by a simple
 Stepper driver
A4988 Module is a includes a fixed off- set initially to a fast higher step rates
 Smaller and time current decay for a
Cheapest breakout regulator which proportion of the Intelligent
board for Allegro's has the ability to fixed off-time, then chopping control
A4988 Stepper operate in Slow or to a slow decay for that automatically
Motor Driver. It has Mixed decay the remainder of selects the correct
many advantages modes. the off-time. Mixed current decay
including decay current mode (fast decay
adjustable current The translator is control results in or slow decay)
limiting, over the key to the easy reduced audible
temperature and implementation of motor noise, Over-temperature
over current the A4988. Simply increased step thermal shutdown,
protection. It has inputting one pulse accuracy, and under-voltage
five different on the STEP input reduced power lockout, and
stepping resolution drives the motor dissipation. crossover-current
and has a wide one micro-step. protection
operating voltage There are no phase Features:-
range from 8 volt sequence tables, Short-to-ground
to 35 volts and can high frequency Simple step and and shorted-load
deliver current control lines,or direction control protection
upto 1 Amp per complex interface interface
phase. sto program. The 4-layer, 2 oz
A4988 interface is Five different step copper PCB for
The A4988 is a an ideal fit for resolutions: full- improved heat
complete micro- applications where step, half-step, dissipation
stepping motor a complex quarter-step,
driver with built-in microprocessor is eighth-step, and Exposed solderable
translator for easy unavailable or is sixteenth-step ground pad below
operation. It is overburdened. the driver IC on the
designed to During stepping Adjustable current bottom of the PCB
operate bipolar operation, the control lets you set
stepper motors in chopping control in the maximum
full-, half-, the A4988 current output with
quarter-, eighth-, automatically a potentiometer,
and sixteenth-step selects the current which lets you use
modes, with an decay mode, Slow voltages above
output drive or Mixed. your stepper
capacity of up to 35 motor’s rated
V and ±2 A. The In Mixed decay voltage to achieve
A4988 Motor Driver mode, the device is
 ARDINO-UNO
 Stepper motors, due to their unique design, can be controlled to a high
degree of accuracy without any feedback mechanisms. The shaft of a
stepper, mounted with a series of magnets, is controlled by a series of
electromagnetic coils that are charged positively and negatively in a specific
sequence, precisely moving it forward or backward in small "steps".
 There are two types of steppers, Unipolars and Bipolars, and it is very
important to know which type you are working with. For each of the
motors, there is a different circuit. The example code will control both kinds
of motors. See the unipolar and bipolar motor schematics for information
on how to wire up your motor.
 The stepper is controlled by with digital pins 8, 9, 10, and 11 for either
unipolar or bipolar motors. The Arduino board will connect to a 
U2004 Darlington Array if you're using a unipolar stepper or a 
SN754410NE H-Bridge if you have a bipolar motor

 Circuit
 Below you'll find circuits for both unipolar and bipolar steppers. In either
case, it is best to power your stepper motors from an external supply, as
they draw too much to be powered directly from your Arduino board
 CNC SHIELD V3
 The CNC Shield V3.0 allows you to where you need to control a
build a engraving machine, 3D stepper motors with high
printer, mini CNC and other precision
similar devices using your
Arduino. It is designed as a shield 
This shield allows you to control
and can plug on top of an Arduino
upto 4 stepper motors
requiring no external connections
and wiring. There are 4 slots on
the board for plugging in stepper  Controller each stepper motor
motor drive module which can requires 2 IO Pins only, which
drive 1 stepper motor each. saves a lot of IO Pins for other
Controlling each step stepper purposes
motor requires only two IO pins
on the Arduino. Just insert this  Arduino compatible
Arduino CNC Shield V3.0 onto an
Arduino UNO, and install the
 Latest Arduino CNC Shield
GRBL firmware, you can then
quickly build a DIY CNC engraving Version 3.10
machine. 
 GRBL 0.9 compatible. (Open
source firmware that runs on an
Arduino UNO that turns G-code
 Features:- commands into stepper signals)
 The extension board can be used
for Small CNC routers, Carving  Supports PWM Spindle and
Machine, 3D Printers, DIY Laser direction pins
Cutters, and almost any project
THANK YOU