Endocrine system

disorders
Yazn Amjad Mahmoud Elayan
  Endocrine system’s function is to maintain the body’s metabolic
homeostasis. The cells of the endocrine system maintain the
homeostasis secrete hormones which act distant from their site of
synthesis and is transported by blood.
 There are primary and secondary endocrine organs
Endocrine Primary include:
system  Hypothalamus
 Pituitary gland
 Thyroid gland
 Adrenal glands
 Pancreas
  It is defined as excessive secretion or production of one or more of
the hormones produced by the pituitary gland.
 The most common cause of hyperpituitarism are pituitary tumors
and they are usually benign tumors (adenomas)
 Pituitary adenomas are classified as microadenomas if they are
Hyperpituitarism smaller than 1 cm and macroadenomas if it was larger than 1 cm
 Macroadenomas can cause visual disturbances due to
compression of the optic chiasm
 Gigantism, hyperploctinemia and acromegaly are caused by
hyperpituitarism
  May be congenital or acquired through intrinsic abnormalities of
the pituitary gland
 May be caused by tumors (especially nonfunctioning pituitary
adenomas).
 Ischemic necrosis is also another common cause of
Hypopituitarism hypopituitarism
 Hypopituitarism can occur in patients with disseminated
intravascular coagulation, sickle cell anemia, elevated intracranial
pressure, traumatic injuries and shock of any origin.
 Symptoms of hypopituitarism depend on what specific hormone
secretion is affected.
  Caused by an enlargement of the anterior pituitary gland in
pregnant women. With low blood supply which causes ischemic
Sheehan injury.

syndrome  Symptoms include: absence of lactation, amenorrhea, tiredness,

intolerance to cold, constipation, weight gain, hair loss and slower
thinking.
  Pituitary dwarfism happens in children with hypopituitarism as a
result of deficiency of growth hormone.

Pituitary
Dwarfism
  The majority of GnRH deficient cases are congenital. GnRH
deficiency can be inherited from either parent or it may occur with
no apparent family history. IHH or Idiopathic hypogonadotropic
hypogonadism.
Gonadotropin-  leads to amenorrhea and infertility in women and to decreased
releasing libido, impotence, and loss of pubic and axillary hair in men.

hormone
deficiency