INTRODUCTION TO

SOCIAL DIMENSIONS
OF EDUCATION

Group 1
SOCIOLOGIS
T
03
Consensus and Conflict theory
RALPH G. DAHRENDORF
recognized that society cannot exist without both
conflict and concensus, which are prerequisites
for each other. Thus, we cannot have conflict
unless there is some prior consensus.

CONSENSUS - is a concept of society in which

the absence of conflict is seen as the equilibrium
state of society based on general or widespread
agreement among all members of a particular
society.

CONFLICT - is a disagreement or clash between

opposing ideas, principles, or people-- this can be
a covert or overt conflict.
 HORTON AND HUNT, 1984

conflict theory focuses on the

heterogeneous nature of society
and the differential distribution
of political and social power.
 BALLANTINE AND SPADE, 2004

conflict theorist ask how schools contribute

to the unequal distribution of people into
jobs in society so that more powerful
members of society maintain the best
positions and the less powerful group
(often women, racial and ethnic groups)
often minority groups are allocated to
lower ranks in the society.
 KARL MARX

-focuses on the struggle of social

classes to maintain dominance and
power in social system.
 SCHAEFER, 2003
- conflict theory are interested in how society's institution- the
family, government, religion, education and the media- help to
maintain the privileges of some groups and keep others in a
subservient position
MAX WEBER
argues that school teach and maintain particular
"status culture" that is groups in society with similar
interests and position in the status hierarchy.
 The Conflict Model
Social structure produce patterns of
inequality in the distribution of scarce
resources
The conflict model is
concerned with the
stresses and conflicts that
emerge in society because
of competition over scarce
resources. It focuses on Conflict
the inequalities that are
built into social structures
rather than on those that
emerge because of
personal characteristics.
Reorganization and change
Structural Functionalism
Structural Functionalism
- states that society is made up of various institutions that
work together in cooperation.

Talcott Parsons Robert K. Merton

 These functional imperatives that are necessary for all
systems:

A G
ADAPTATION
A system must cope with the external
situational exigencies.It must adapt to
it's environment and adapt
environment to it's needs.
I L
INTEGRATION
GOAL ATTAINMENT
A system must regulate the
interrelationships of it's component
A system must define and achieve
parts. It must also manage the
it's primary goals.
relationship among the other three
functional imperatives.
LATENCY
A system must furnish, maintain,
and renew both motivation of
individuals and the cultural
patterns that createand sustain the
motivation.
 Structure of the General Action System

Cultural System Social System

Performs the latency function by providing Copes with the integration function by
actors with the norms and values that controlling it's component parts.
motivate them for action.
Cultural System Social System

Action System Personality System

Action System Personality System
The behavioral organism is action System that Performs the goal-attainment function by
handles the adaptation function by adjusting defining system goals and mobilizing
to and transforming the external world. resources to attain them
Parsons found his answer to the
problem of order in structural
functionalism, which operates in his
view with the following sets of
assumptions:
1. Systems have property of order and
interdependence of parts.
2. System tend toward self-maintaing
order, or equilibrium
3. The system may be static or involved
in an ordered process of change.
4. The nature of one part of the system
has an impact on the form that the other
parts can take.
5. Systems maintain boundaries with
their environments.
6. Allocation and integration are two
fundamental processes necessary for a
given states of equilibrium of a system.
7. Systems tend toward self-
maintainance involving the maintenance
variation, and control of tendencies to
change the system from within.
Thank you for
listening 😊