INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

• DIVERSITY IN LIFE …..

• LEARN STRUCTURES,FUNCTIONS AND
ACTIVITIES OF THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE……..
• VARIOUS LIVING FORMS…
• CLASSIFICATIONS…
• SOME CONCEPTS OF HUMAN BODY…
• After setting up as a separate mass, earth was
still very hot.
• Having boiling volcanoes and settling of them
in the developing oceans.
• Developed some chemical structures and
formed the magic molecule…DNA
• It protected itself inside a coat and formed
cell…. The fundamental unit of life.
DNA – The wonder molecule ,blueprint of life
 Organization-
Simple very less developed cell
• Cells were simple ,forms of there DNA –
genetic material.
• Some organs for locomotion, feeding,
breathing etc…
• Then some development seen in the genetic
material --- enclosed in a cover…
• And formed the nucleus…..
Very Well developed cell
Single cell but more developed –showing
eating process
 Organization

• Cell – A compartment with various structures

and doing some work, with its maintenance.
• Cells come together to make a mass – Tissue
• Tissues forms organs and then organ systems
to make a living body.
Cell Makes Organs and Organism
 Homeostasis
• The maintenance of a constant environment inside
a living body.
• Such as temperature, pressure, pH, fluid
consistency etc.
• It requires a lot of energy developed from our
metabolism.
• Excess heat get generated out from body as sweat
to maintain the body temperature.
• However, each and every substance doesn’t harm
us ,such as homemade drinks with low or high pH.
GROWTH
 Growth
• The mature cells divide and forms new cells ie
daughter cells.

• This increase mass and cause growth and change

in size.

• A newly formed life inside mother’s womb, starts

developing rapidly ,forms different layers
( differentiation) and organs ( organogenesis)
Cell making new cells
Energy from Sun to All
•Plants utilize sun’s
energy , water from the
soil along with minerals
and certain gases from
air. ( Chapter – Plant
nutrition)

•Animals consume food

prepared in plants by
photosynthesis.
Need of Energy
•Inside animals body, at
cell level, this food is
broken down to release
energy for the
maintenance of the cell,
so as the tissues and the
organism.

• This energy is in the

form an interesting
molecule – ATP-
Adenosine Triphosphate.
Response to the Surrounding
 Consciousness
• We get some signals from our sensory organs –
Stimulus
• We give response to it .
• Our body can detect the changes in internal and
external environment of the body. This is an important
characteristic of a living form.
• In this course, there are changes seen in the organism,
to adjust and survive in the surrounding – Adaptation
• Charles Darwin – The book “ Origin of species”.
• Some changes made are life saving providing better
survival ,seen to get transferred to the next generation.
Adaptation
Reproduction by Simple Means
 Reproduction and heredity
• DNA – De- oxyribose nucleic acid, blueprint of
cells. Hence all are same in a kind of
organisms.
• Some produce their young ones from body
parts , such as Sugarcane, Potato by stem
cuttings.
• Some makes the new generation with the help
of special reproductive organs, such as
flowering plants, animals.
Bio-diversity
Diversity in Plants
Some data from the scientist’s point of view.

• Carolus Linnaues Plants

Animals
• Carl Woese
• Robert Whittaker – most widely accepted
system of classification