TREATMENTS FOR CANCER

Four standard methods of treatment for cancer :

Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation therapy (radiotherapy) Immunotherapy Biologic therapy

SURGERY
y

used to prevent, treat, stage (determine how advanced the cancer is) and diagnose it

to remove tumours or as much of the cancerous tissue as possible

for untreatable cancer, palliative surgery is done to relieve the pain- not to cure

Cancer Surgery

SIDE EFFECTS OF SURGERY

y y y y

Pain Bleeding Loss of appetite Fatigue

CHEMOTHERAPY
uses drugs to eliminate cancer cells y affects the entire body, not just a specific part y targeting rapidly multiplying cancer cells y unfortunately, other types of cells in our bodies also multiply at high rates, like hair follicle cells and the cells that line our stomachs
y

commonly given by pill or intravenously

TYPES OF DRUGS
 Abraxine  Altretamine  Docetaxel  Mitomycin

SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY

y y y y

Vomiting Abdominal pain Weight loss Loss of hair

Loss of hair due to chemotherapy

RADIATION THERAPY
y

uses certain types of energy to shrink tumours or eliminate cancer cells

works by damaging a cancer cell's DNA, making it unable to multiply

cancer cells die when treated

TYPES OF RADIATION :
 Internal Radiation (brachytherapy)
x uses radiation that is placed very close to the tumour site

 External radiation (systemic)

done on an outpatient basis at a hospital

SIDE EFFECTS OF RADIATION THERAPY

y y y

Fatigue Changes of the skin Loss of appetite

Radiation cancer

IMMUNOTHERAPY
 attempts

to stimulate the immune system to

reject and destroy tumours

 slows

down the growth and spread of tumours certain cytokines and antibodies

 involving

SIDE EFFECT OF IMMUNOTHERAPY

y

can lead to the re-activation of latent tuberculosis

Administering cancer vaccine

BIOLOGIC OR TARGETED THERAPY

y y y y

term for drugs that target characteristics of cancerous tumours work by blocking the biological processes of tumours that allow tumours to thrive and grow cut off the blood supply to the tumour targeted therapy is used in select types of cancer and is not available for everyone

Targeted therapy

SIDE EFFECTS
y

the side effects are normally manageable and less severe such as change in immune system, slower wound healing and change in blood pressure

RESEARCH ON CANCER

Cancer research is the intense scientific effort to understand disease processes and discover possible therapies. Research about cancer causes focuses on the following issues:
Agents (e.g. viruses) and events (e.g. mutations) which cause or facilitate genetic changes in cells destined to become cancer. y The precise nature of the genetic damage, and the genes which are affected by it. y The consequences of those genetic changes on the biology of the cell, both in generating the defining properties of a cancer cell, and in facilitating additional genetic events which lead to further progression of the cancer.
y

RESEARCH ON CANCER IN MALAYSIA

MAKNA
Non-profit organization aims to provide curatic care, preventive care, cancer research and support services to cancer patients and their families, high-risk groups and the general public in Malaysia and throughout the world. MAKNA Cancer Research (on going since 2001) information, technology and development in finding cure for cancer. Fund-raising Projects.

UNIVERSITI OF MALAYA CANCER RESEARCH INSTITUTE

dedicated to the understanding of cancer and its impact to society, utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, relevant to the Malaysian context will be setting up a Tumour Tissue Bank to provide study material to scientists who are involved in various aspects of cancer research divided into research group:
y y y y y

Breast cancer Gynecological cancer Pediatric cancer Orthopedic cancer Neurological cancer

NATIONAL CANCER SOCIETY MALAYSIA

Spread awareness about cancer Conducts research Provides treatment services

THANK YOU. HOPE IT

WAS INFORMATIVE

Group Members: Shubashree Preejashini M. Geetha Komathy