MCQs.

i. (b) Hippocrates हिप्पोक्रेट् स

ii. (d) Sushruta सुश्रुत

iii. (a) Gall stone हित्त की िथरी

iv. (a) Otalgia ओटालहिया

v. (b) Malignant tumor मैहलग्नैंट ट्यूमर

vi.(c) Dysphagia

vii. (b) Airborne droplets

viii.(a) Fracture

ix. (a) Oral cavity

x. (c) Abdominal Hernia

xi(c) Lithotomy

xii. (a) 50%-70%

Xiii. (b) It prevents the health personnel

from legal complications.
Xiv.(a) Coryza.
XV.(d) All of the above. Isoniazid,
pyrazinamide, and ethambutol are all
antitubercular drugs used in the treatment
of tuberculosis.

Fill In the Blanks:-

[10:02 am, 20/03/2023] Aarav🫅🫅: I. Dot's
therapy is used for the treatment of
tuberculosis.

II. Inflammation of lung parenchyma is

known as pneumonia.

III. Thyroid glands plays a role in

maintaining normal body temperature.

IV. Secretion of urine in an excessive

amount is known as polyuria.
v. Increase of bilirubin level is known as
jaundice. हिहलरुहिन स्तर के िढ़ने को िीहलया
किते िैं ।

vi. Osteoporosis is the bone disease.

ओस्टियोिोरोहसस िहियोों की िीमारी िै ।

vii. Myocardial infection is also known as

heart attack. मायोकाहडि यल इन्फेक्शन को िाटि
अटै क भी किते िैं ।

viii. Painful micturition is termed as dysuria.

ददि िूर्ि िेशाि को हदसुररया किा िाता िै ।

ix. Heart function by ECG is examined. हृदय

कायि का ईसीिी द्वारा िरीक्षर् हकया िाता िै ।
x. Beriberi disease occurs due to deficiency
of thiamine.
xi. Collection of pus in breast is called
mastitis.
xii. Examination of the body with naked
eyes is known as physical examination.
xi. Commonest type of cancer is skin cancer.
xiv. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa is
known as gastritis.
xv. Care provided after surgery is known as
postoperative care.
3.
(a)Define Cancer
Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by
uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells that can invade and damage
surrounding tissues and organs. It is caused by mutations in genes that regulate cell
growth and division, leading to the loss of normal cellular function and the acquisition
of abnormal behaviors, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, invasion, and migration.

There are many different types of cancer, each with unique genetic and cellular
characteristics, clinical presentations, and prognoses. The most common types of cancer
include lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, and skin cancer, but cancer can occur in any
part of the body. Cancer can also metastasize, or spread to other parts of the body,
through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

The causes of cancer are multifactorial and can include genetic, environmental, and
lifestyle factors such as smoking, exposure to carcinogens, radiation, viruses, and chronic
inflammation. Some risk factors for cancer can be modified, such as smoking or diet,
while others, such as genetic mutations, cannot.

Treatment options for cancer depend on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the
patient's overall health and preferences. Treatment options can include surgery,
radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and palliative care.
In recent years, advances in cancer research and treatment have led to improved
outcomes and quality of life for many patients with cancer, but the disease remains a
significant global health challenge.

B.Write In Detail About their causes,sing &

Symptoms.

Cancer is a disease that can affect various parts of the body and is characterized by the
uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. The causes of cancer are not fully
understood, but certain factors are known to increase the risk of developing cancer.
These include genetic mutations, exposure to certain chemicals and radiation, viral
infections, lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy
diet, and lack of physical activity.

The symptoms of cancer depend on the type and stage of cancer. Early-stage cancers
may not produce any symptoms, while advanced-stage cancers may cause more severe
symptoms. Some common symptoms of cancer include:

• Persistent cough, chest pain, or difficulty breathing

• Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite
• Fatigue and weakness
• Persistent pain in the bones or other parts of the body
 • Changes in the skin, such as darkening, yellowing, or redness
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Difficulty swallowing or changes in bowel or bladder habits
• Swollen lymph nodes or lumps in the body

Diagnosis of cancer usually involves various tests such as imaging scans, blood tests,
and biopsies to determine the location, type, and stage of cancer. Treatment for cancer
varies depending on the type and stage of cancer and may include surgery, radiation
therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these
treatments.

In conclusion, cancer is a complex disease with various causes and symptoms. Early
detection and treatment are critical for improving the chances of survival and reducing
the impact of cancer on individuals and their families. It is essential to adopt a healthy
lifestyle, avoid exposure to harmful substances, and undergo regular medical checkups
to reduce the risk of developing cancer.

(C) Write Down the Management of Cancer.

The management of cancer involves a multidisciplinary approach, which may include

surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone
therapy, and palliative care. The specific management plan depends on various factors,
such as the type and stage of cancer, the age and overall health of the patient, and the
potential risks and benefits of each treatment option.

Surgery: Surgery is often used to remove cancerous tissue and nearby lymph nodes. The
extent of surgery depends on the location and stage of cancer. For some cancers, such
as early-stage breast cancer, surgery alone may be curative.

Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. It
can be used alone or in combination with other treatments. Radiation therapy may
cause side effects, such as skin irritation, fatigue, and nausea.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It can be administered
orally or intravenously. Chemotherapy may cause side effects, such as hair loss, nausea,
and increased risk of infection.

Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy helps the body's immune system to fight cancer cells.
It includes treatments such as checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, and vaccines.

Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy targets specific molecules that are involved in the
growth and spread of cancer cells. It can be administered orally or intravenously.

Hormone therapy: Hormone therapy is used to treat hormone-sensitive cancers, such as

breast and prostate cancer. It works by blocking or lowering the amount of hormones in
the body.

Palliative care: Palliative care focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of
life for patients with advanced cancer. It includes pain management, emotional support,
and spiritual care.

In addition to these treatments, patients with cancer may also benefit from supportive
care, such as nutrition counseling, physical therapy, and psychological counseling. It is
important to have open communication with healthcare providers and to discuss the
potential benefits and risks of each treatment option.