●

🎍CAUSES OF CANCER CELL

• Substances that cause cancer, called carcinogens, have identified both by studies in

experimental animals and by epidemiological analysis of cancer frequencies in human

populations (eg the high incidence of lung cancer among cigarette smokers) Since the

development of malignancy is a complex multistep process, many factors may affect the

likelihood that cancer will develop, and it is overly simplistic to speak of single cause of

most cancers. Nonetheless, many agents includiding radiation, chemicals, and viruses, have

been found cancer in both experimental animals and human.

● • Radiation and many chemicals carcinogens act by damaging DNA and inducing mutations.

Since the induction of mutations in key target genes is thought to be the initial event leading

to cancer development.

What do gene mutations do ?

A gene mutation can instruct a healthy cell to;
● Allow rapid growth, A gene mutation can tell a cell to grow and have that same

mutation divide more rapidly. This creates many new cells that all have that same

mutation.

● Fall to stop uncontrolled cell growth, Normal cells know when to stop growing

Cancer cells lose the controls (tumor suppressor genes) that tell them when to

stop growing A mutation in a tumor suppressor gene allows cancer cells to continue

growing and accumulating

The carcinogens in tobacco smoke (including
benzo(a)pyrene,dimethylnitrosamine, and nickel compounds) are the major identified

causes of human cancer. Smoking is the undisputed causes of 80% to 90% of lung cancers,

as well as being implicated in cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx,esophagous, and

other sites. In total,it is estimated that smoking is responsible for nearly one-third of all

cancer deaths-an impressive toll for a single carcinogens agent.

 Nearly 30 percent cancer deaths can be prevented by addressing the
main risk factors -- tobacco use, alcohol, unhealthy diet, physical
inactivity and excess body weight.

🍅TYPES OF CANCER-SYMPTOMS PREVENTION🍁

1. There are more than 200 types of cancer, usually named for the organs or tissues
where the cancer form. In males, the most common cancers are that lung,
prostate,stomach, colon and rectum. In females, the most common cancers are that
of breasts, colon, rectum, lung and cervix.

2. There rae also several clinical terms used for certain general types of cancer:.
● Carcinoma is a cancer that starts in the skin or the tissues that line other
organs.
● Saroma is a cancer of connective tissues such as bones muscles, cartilages,
and blood vessies.
● Leukemia is a cancer of the bone marrow, which creates blood cells
● Lymphoma and myeloma are the cancers of the immune system
 🍁Symptoms of cancer
● Cancer is a disease in which there rae not many apparent or pronounced symptoms
in early stages and thius is the reason mostly cancers are detected when they reach a
late stage of the disease.

● Symptoms vary according to the location, stage, and typeof the cancer Few cancer
specific symotoms includeabnormal lump,unexplained weight loss fatigue change in
bowel movement, abnormal bleeding.

🍎Prevention of cancer

🦦
● Avoiding known causes of cancer like tobacco use, and radiation exposure etc. And
lifestyle changes.
● A diet low in fat high in fibre, fruits, and vegetables lowers the risk of certain types
of cancer.
● Vaccination against hepatitis B virus and human papilloma virus.
● Maintain a Healthy Weight.
● Exercise Regularly.
● Don't Smoke Or Use Smokeless Tobacco.
● Eat a Healthy Diet.
● Limit Alcohol – Zero Is Best.
● Protect Yourself from the Sun And Avoid Tanning Beds.
● Protect Yourself From Sexually Transmitted Infections.
● Get Screening Tests.
🍄Worldwide cancers death🍄
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10
million deaths in 2020, or nearly one in six deaths. The most common
cancers are breast, lung, colon and rectum and prostate cancers.

🪴Cancer death in India

● Estimated mortality due to cancer in
India was 7,70,230 in 2020 and it
increased to 7,89,202 in 2021 and
8,08,558 in 2022, Mandaviya
said.13-Dec-2022

CONCLUSION
Hence cancer is second leading cause of deaths following heart diseases one should
care about its prevention before the occurrence of disease by varies examinations
and if disease is already exists then one should go for its regular treatment Recent
treatment mainly includes radiation therapy,cell based immunotherapy,gene
therapy,chemotherapy are most widely used methods used for treatment of various
type of cancers.
 🌺DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER🌺
The detection and diagnosis of cancer are very important before it spreads to
other parts of the body Identification of cancers genes is pivotal to prevent
cancer. The following methods are used to detect cancer-

■ 1. Biopsy.
■ 2.Histopathological studies of tissue.
■ 3.Radiography technique.
■ 4.Computed tomography.
■ 5. Magnetic resonance imaging.
■ 6.Molecular biology techniques.

……………. 🍅Treatment of cancer🍅…………….

The common approaches for treatment of cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and
immunotherapy.
● surgery :- surgically removing localised cancerous mass (effective for benign
tumors).
● Radiation therapy :-in this therapy radiation is used to kill the cancer cells.
● Chemotherapy:- chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill cancer cells.