Morphometrics Final

DEVELOPMENT OF E-COURSES FOR B.F.
Sc COURSES TOPIC
TOPIC: Classical Taxonomy- Morphometrics
COURSE ID: DFB1
Morphometrics
1
• Morphometric characters - measurable features.

• Measuring the linear dimension - widely used technique in
finfish taxonomy.
• Use
• (i) total length, (ii) standard length and (iii) fork length.
• Total length - related to many factors such as weight, age,
fecundity, maturity, etc.
• Total length easy to measure
• Larger species with a deeply forked caudal fin - fork length
• In large specimens standard length is not used - difficulty
in ascertaining the posterior margin of the hypural plate.
Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

DEVELOPMENT OF E-COURSES FOR B.F.Sc COURSES TOPIC
COURSE ID: DFB1
Methods of Measuring
2
 Measurements - with special measuring boards – nose

block (head piece).
 Mouth – closed
 Fish body and tail - straightened along the mid-line and the
readings - recorded from the scale.
 Record to the nearest 0.5 mm with a fine draftsman
dividers
 Disc width rather than overall length is sometimes used as
linear dimension of rays.

COURSE ID: DFB1
Measuring Board
3

COURSE ID: DFB1
Definitions of Linear Measurements

4
 Standard Length: Taken from U to the tip

of the hypural bone (urostyle).
 Fork Length: Measured from U or L to the
cartilaginous tip of shortest or median
caudal ray.
 Total Length: Measured from U or L to
the longest caudal fin ray, upper or lower,
or an average of both of them.

COURSE ID: DFB1
Positions
5

COURSE ID: DFB1
Definitions of Position 6
U Maxillary symphysis
L Mandibular symphysis
O Anterior edge of orbit
O’ Posterior edge of orbit
J Posterior edge of mandible (buccal commissure)
Y Gill-cover notch
G’ Posterior bony edge of operculum
G Posterior membranous edge of gill cover
P Anterior point of insertion of the first pectoral fin ray
D1 Insertion of anterior dorsal

COURSE ID: DFB1
Definitions of Position (contd..) 7

F Cartilaginous tip of shortest (median) caudal ray
F’ Membranous edge of caudal fin at fork
N Distal tip of the longest caudal fin ray with lobe
normally extended
N’ Distal tip of the longest ventral fin ray with lobe normally
extended
M Point where line NN’ intersects median longitudinal axis
M’ Mid point of line MN’
X Distal tip of longest dorsal caudal fin ray, with lobe
brought to the median longitudinal axis
X’ Distal tip of the longest ventral fin ray, with the lobe
brought to the median longitudinal axis

COURSE ID: DFB1
Overall Length Measurements 8

LT and UT Total length (any extreme or normal length)
LX Dorsal extreme length
LX’ Ventral extreme length
LX’’ Greater extreme length (LX or LX’, whichever is greater)
LN Dorsal normal length
LN’ Ventral normal length
LN’’ Greater normal length LN or LN’, whichever is greater
LM Median normal length
LM’ Mean normal length
LP Mid caudal length
LP’ Fork length
LS Standard length to urostyle
LS’ Standard length to peduncle
LS’’ Standard length to keel
LS’’’ Standard length to silvering
LB (Dorsal) Body length

COURSE ID: DFB1
Longitudinal Measurements 9
UJ Maxillary sheath length
LJ’ Mandibular length
UO Snout length
UY Upper head length
LG Opercular head length
LG’ Greatest head length
OO’ Orbital diameter
ID Longitudinal iris diameter
Ed Longitudinal pupil diameter
O’Y Postorbital dorsal distance
UDI Preanterior dorsal distance
UP Prepectoral distance
UV Preventral distance
UD2 Preposterior dorsal distance
D1D1’ Anterior dorsal fin base length
D2D2’ Posterior dorsal fin base length
UA Preanal distance
AA’ Anal fin base length

COURSE ID: DFB1
Vertical Measurements 10
Oh Orbital depth (from orbital crest to lower edge of maxillary, passing over
middle of pupil)
Ih Perpendicular Iris Diameter.
Eh Perpendicular pupil diameter
YJ’ Head length
DIP Back depth (oblique)
DIV Anterior dorsal depth (or dorsoventral depth)
h Greatest depth
D2Z Posterior dorsal depth
D2A Dorsoanal depth (slightly oblique)
h’ Perpendicular anal depth
q (Least) peduncle depth

COURSE ID: DFB1
Lateral Measurements 11
PP Pectoral breadth
b Greatest breadth
OO Inter-orbital distance (at level of pupil centre)

COURSE ID: DFB1
Other Measurements 12
D1h Anterior dorsal height (distance from insertion to tip
of longest spine)
D2h Posterior dorsal height (distance from insertion to tip
of longest spine)
Ph Pectoral fin length
Vh Ventral fin length
Ah Anal fin height
Ch Dorsal caudal fin length
Ch’ Ventral caudal fin length
Ch’’ Greater caudal fin length
Ig Greatest iris diameter
Eg Greatest pupil diameter
g Greatest girth
VV Length of interventral flap
NN’ Spread caudal distance

COURSE ID: DFB1
Morphometric Measurements of a Teleost
13

COURSE ID: DFB1
Morphometric Characters of a Teleost
14
1. Total length 11. Base A2 fin
2. Fork length 12. Pelvic fin length
3. Head length 13. Pectoral fin length
4. Orbit 14. Curved lateral line (CLL)
5. Depth D1 – P2 15. Snout to D1 fin
6. Depth D2 - A2 16. Snout to D2 fin
7. Snout length 17. Snout to pelvic fin
8. Upper jaw length 18. Snout to pectoral fin
9. Base D2 fin 19. Snout to A2 fin
10. Straight lateral line (SLL)

COURSE ID: DFB1
Parameters to be Calculated
15
In % of Total Length – each species

Range of ratio, Mean ratio, Standard deviation and
Standard error - each species
Range of overlapping ratio, Overlapping ratio,
Range of extreme ratio, Extreme ratio and % of
overlapping – for two different species for
comparison

COURSE ID: DFB1
Morphometric Measurements of a Shark
16

COURSE ID: DFB1
Measuring Total Length of a Shark

17

COURSE ID: DFB1
Morphology and Morphometric Measurements of Rays

18
i. Preorbital length – Distance between snout to

orbit
ii. Postorbital length of disc – Distance between
posterior part of orbit to anus
iii. Body depth – Maximum distance across the
body
iv. Tail length – Distance between anus to the tip of
posterior part of tail.
v. Other characters - similar to that of sharks and
bony fishes.

COURSE ID: DFB1
Morphology and Morphometric Measurements of Rays

19

COURSE ID: DFB1
.
20

Morphometrics Final

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DEVELOPMENT OF E-COURSES FOR B.F.

• Morphometric characters - measurable features.

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

 Measurements - with special measuring boards – nose

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Definitions of Linear Measurements

 Standard Length: Taken from U to the tip

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Definitions of Position (contd..) 7

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Overall Length Measurements 8

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

In % of Total Length – each species

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Measuring Total Length of a Shark

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Morphology and Morphometric Measurements of Rays

i. Preorbital length – Distance between snout to

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Morphology and Morphometric Measurements of Rays

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

Author: Dr. JAWAHAR -TAXONOMY OF FINFISH

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