• Categorical statements-those that make simple assertions about

categories, or classes, of things. They say how certain classes of things

are, or are not, included in other classes of things. For example: "All
cows are herbivores," "No gardeners are plumbers," or "Some
businesspeople are cheats."
• The words in categorical statements that name classes, or categories, of things
are called terms. Each categorical statement has both a subject term and a predicate term. For example:
All cats are carnivores.
The subject term here is cats, and the predicate term is carnivores. The statement
says that the class of cats is included in the class of carnivores. We can express the
form of the statement like this:
All S are P.
By convention,S stands for the subject term in a categorical statement; P, the
predicate term.
This kind of statement-All 5 are P-is one of four standard forms of categorical statements. Here are all
four of them together:
1. All 5 are P. (All cats are carnivores.)
2. No 5 are P. (No cats are carnivores.)
3. Some 5 are P. (Some cats are carnivores.)
4. Some 5 are not P. (Some cats are not carnivores.)