Reported Speech

What is a Reported Speech?

 Reported speech is other name of indirect speech

 It is used to communicate what someone else said , but without using the exact words
 We remove the inverted commas in indirect speech and replace it with that.
For example:
Direct Speech: She says “ I am ill”.
Indirect Speech: She says that she is ill.
Direct Speech: She said “ I can swim.”
Indirect Speech: She said that she could swim.
What is a Reporting Clause, Reported Verb and
Reported Speech?

 The words which generally come before the inverted commas are called the reporting clause.
 The verb ‘said’ is called the reporting verb.
 The words put within inverted commas are called reported speech.
For example:
Abhinav said to prakash,”I am going to the market”.
Rules of tenses –Reported Speech

 If narration is in present
 Present => Past
Simple => Simple
Continuous => Continuous
Perfect => Perfect
Perfect Continuous => Perfect Continuous
 If the narration is in past
Indefinite past => Past perfect
Past Continuous =>Past perfect Continuous
 If the narration is in future
Will => would
 Simple Present  Simple Past:

Subject V1 s/es+Object  Subject V2+Object

For Example => She said, "I play football.”
She said that she played football
Present Continuous  Past Continuous

Subject is/am/are Vling+ Object  Subject+ was/were + Vling Object

For Example: She said, "l am playing with ball.“
She said that she was playing with ball.
Present Perfect  Past Perfect:

Subject have v3 Object  Subject+ had+ V3+0bject.

For Example: She said, "I have done the homework."
She said that she had done the homework.
Present Perfect Continuous  Past Perfect
continuous

Subject+ has/have+ been+V 1st+ing+ Object + TR  Subject+ had+ been+ +V 1st+ing+ Object + TR
For Example  She said, "1 have been playing football since 2015.She said that she had been playing football
since 2015.
Simple Past Past Perfect

Subject v2 Object  Subject had V3+Object

For Example: They said, "We boughta new house.”
They said that they had bought a new house.
 Past Continuous  Past Perfect Continuous

Subject was/were Vling+ Object  Subject had + been Vling Object

For Example : The children said, "We were playing in the playground."
The children said that they had been playing in the playground.