Correct and consistent Condom use and

demonstration

Mr. Paul Motshome

Health and Wellness Centre

What is a condom? (male)
• A male condom is a sheath worn on the erect penis to prevent the
exchange of body fluids during sexual intercourse.

• Male condoms are made of natural rubber latex

• The use of a condom to prevent pregnancy has been an established

practice for many i.e. dates back to the 16th century.

• Later they were found to be effective in preventing sexually

transmitted infections including HIV.
History of condoms
1500s - In Italy, research by Gabrielle Fallopius found the linen sheath useful for prevention
of infection, and later discovered its usefulness for the prevention of pregnancy.

1880s - The first latex condom was produced, although it was to be the 1930s before these
were in widespread use. STIs prevention

1980s - HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was identified, and the Surgeon General stated that
other than abstinence, the most effective way to protect against HIV is to use a latex condom
each and every time you have sex.

1990s - The 1990s saw the introduction of a large number of different types of condoms,
including colored, ribbed, large, studded, flavored and glow-in-the-dark condoms.
Types of condoms

1. Male condom
2. Female condom

Male Condoms also differ by:

Design: color, lubrication, texture, thinness, size- (s, m, l, xl),
flavored and glow-in-the-dark condoms.
What about the condom size?
Different types of condoms

• Shape: Most condoms have a reservoir tip although some

have a plain tip. There are basically three sizes: standard,
contoured, and large (2 mm larger than standard)
• Size. The standard size will fit most men. Extra-large
condoms are available, as well as "snug" sizes that are a
little smaller and fit tighter than the standard size.

• The width of a condom can vary. Some condoms have a

slightly smaller width to give a 'closer' fit, whereas others
will be slightly larger.
• Texture: Ribbed condoms are textured with ribs or
bumps/studs, which can increase sensation for both
partners.

• Color& flavor: Condoms also come in a variety of colors so

as to appeal to the users.

• Some are flavored to make oral sex more enjoyable e.g.

orange, strawberry, mint.
• Thickness. Extra-strength condoms are available. These
are stronger and are especially useful for rectal sex and for
men who have problems with condom breakage.

• Lubrication. Most condoms come pre-lubricated with

spermicides which kills sperm (spermicide) and many
disease-causing germs hence provide some extra
protection in preventing pregnancy, if the condom breaks.
Dental Dam
• Small, thin, square pieces of latex
• Used to keep partners' body fluids out of each other's
bodies
• Can help to prevent skin-to-skin contact
• Placed on the vulva or the anus when the mouth, lips, or
tongue are used to sexually arouse a partner.
• Can also cut a condom open on one side
Condoms in preventing STIs and Preg.
• When used consistently and correctly, can protect against:

• Unwanted pregnancies impermeable to spermatozoa

• Also impermeable to pathogens, including HIV, herpes

virus, hepatitis B virus, cytomeglalovirus, gonorrhoea, and
chlamydia trachomatis
Preventing STIs/HIV
• When used correctly and consistently, condoms are an
effective means of preventing STIs/HIV.
• Latex condoms are virtually impermeable to viruses and to
sperm – mechanical barrier
• Intermittent condom use will provide protection against
transmission in a proportion of cases.
• If one partner is HIV-positive, then there is a guaranteed
risk of exposure to infection at every unprotected
intercourse, and inconsistent condom use offers little
protection against HIV
Preventing pregnancy
• When used correctly and consistently, condoms are an
effective means of preventing pregnancy. Pregnancy rates
for condoms range from 3 percent to almost 14 percent.
• However, these pregnancies are not due primarily to
condom failure. Higher pregnancy rates during typical
condom use reflect inconsistent and incorrect use.
• Highly effective between 80% and 95% effective in
preventing;
 HIV infection & STI’s like Chlamydia, gonorrhea etc

• Condoms are 84%-98% effective against pregnancy

How safe are condoms
• Currently, condoms that are manufactured in accordance with
international standards such BOBS,

• They are packaged and stored correctly in factories.

• Hence if used consistently and correctly substantially reduce the risk

of unwanted pregnancy and/or the transmission of STIs/HIV
Tests done to ensure condom safety
Leakage ("Freedom from Holes") test
• In the hang method, the condom is filled with water, usually
while hanging vertically, and a technician observes for
leaks.
• In the hang/roll approach, a technician takes the water-filled
condom from the hanging position, ties the end, and rolls it
across an absorbent paper looking for water on the paper.
Tensile
• A 20 mm-wide sample is cut from the mid-section of the
condom.
• The test stretches this cross-sectional piece (ring) of latex
until it breaks.
• The test measures the force it takes to break the latex.
Air Burst
• The test inflates the condom like a balloon and
measures the volume of air and air pressure
needed to burst it.
• Package Integrity. A packaged condom is put in a vacuum
system, either in water or in a dry, bell chamber to check if
there are holes in the package or the seal is defective.

• Lubricant Quantity. To determine the amount of lubricant

used in a pre-lubricated

• Oven Test. Seeking to simulate the aging process, the test

is intended to provide some indication of how stable the
product will be after being stored.
Why the condom?
• It is the only method of contraception that also provides
protection from STIs, including HIV.
• Thus condoms can be used as a dual-purpose method,
both for contraceptive and prophylactic reasons.
Why do condoms fail?
• The main reason that condoms sometimes
fail is incorrect or inconsistent use, not the
failure of the condom itself
▫ Using oil-based lubricants can weaken the
latex, causing the condom to break.
▫ Condoms can also be weakened by exposure
to heat or sunlight or by age.
▫ Condom failure is associated with: lack of
experience with using the condom
• using the same condom twice
• unrolling the condom before putting it on;
• withdrawing to put the condom on after starting intercourse;
• using a condom inside out;
• -opening the packet with sharp nails or scissors.
The following household products have a highly
deleterious effect on latex and should on no account be
used in conjunction with a condom

• mineral oils baby oils petroleum jelly

• suntan oils edible (cooking) oil palm oil
• margarine coconut oil dairy butter
• coconut butter fish oil insect repellents
• burn ointments haemorrhoid ointment rubbing alcohol

• INSTEAD: Use a water-based lubricant, such

as KY jelly or Durex Play which can be
bought from pharmacies. 
Correct and consistent condom use
Factors that are associated with inconsistent condom
use
- People who think of themselves as not being at extreme
high risk of contracting HIV
• i.e. people in monogamous long-term relationship
perceive themselves at lower risk for HIV or STDs
- Alcohol and substance abuse
- Belief that condoms are unnecessary in HIV-positive
seroconcordant relationships
- Fear that disclosure of HIV status will bring marital
discord
- Inadequate counseling by health care providers
- Shortage or unavailability of condoms
• Condom use is not accepted by some members of
society, e.g. more conservative adults in the community
and some religious groups. Condoms are said to
promote "promiscuity".
Condom distribution in UB
2013
• JANUARY- 31500
• FEBRUARY- 28300
• MARCH- 28300
• APRIL- 26000
• MAY - 5,200
• JUNE- 3,700
• JULY- 20, 400
• AUGUST- 10, 700
• SEPTEMBER- 19,000
• OCTOBER- 36,600
• NOVEMBER- 23,300
• DECEMBER- 3,000
• TOTAL- 236 000
•  
CONDOM DEMONSTRATION
Male condom demonstration
Steps to use a male condom
• Condom package and check the expiry date to
make sure it is still good and that the package is not
damaged.
• Open the packet on one side and take the condom
out. Do not use your teeth to open the package.
• Pinch the tip of the condom to keep a little space at
the tip. This will hold the semen and prevent the
condom from breaking.
• Hold the condom so that the tip is facing up and it
can be rolled down the penis. (Make sure it is not
inside out!)
Male Condom, Cont.
• Put it on the tip of an erect penis and unroll it down
to the bottom of the penis.
• After ejaculation, the rim of the condom should be
held while the man removes his penis without
spilling the semen.
• The penis must be removed while it is still hard to
make sure the condom does not fall off.
• Remove the condom and tie it in a knot to avoid
spilling.
• Throw it away in a latrine or bury it. Do not put it in a
flush toilet.
Female condom demonstration
Facts about female condom
• The female condom is a strong, soft, transparent
polyurethane sheath which, when inserted in the vagina
before sexual intercourse, provides protection against
STIs, including HIV, and pregnancy.
• It forms a barrier between the penis and the vagina,
cervix and external genitalia.
• It is stronger than latex, odourless, causes no allergic
reactions, and may be used with oil-based and water-
based lubricants.
• It can be inserted prior to intercourse, is not dependent
on male erection.
Steps to use the female condom
• Look at the condom package to make sure it is
not damaged and check the expiry date to make
sure it is still good.
• Open the packet. Do not use your teeth.
• Find the inner ring at the closed end of the condom. The
inner ring is not attached
to the condom.

• Squeeze the inner ring between the thumb and middle

finger.
• Guide the inner ring all the way into the vagina
with your fingers.
• The outer ring stays outside the vagina and
covers the lips of the vagina.
• When you have sex, guide the penis through the
outer ring so that the penis is inserted into the
female condom.
• After the man ejaculates (comes), before the
woman stands up, squeeze and twist the outer
ring to keep the semen inside the pouch and pull
the pouch out.
• Put the used condom in a latrine or bury it. Do
not put it in a flush toilet.
Myths or fact about condoms!
• I will use two condoms for double protection
• You must NEVER use two condoms at the same time

• Condoms have worms

 Condoms do not have worms ( it’s just a lubricant)

• Condoms reduce sensitivity and pleasure during

sex
 Condoms are made of thin rubber hence sensitivity
is not reduced
Do condoms cause allergic reactions
• Most people do not experience problems using
condoms
• Men and women in the range of 1% to 3%
experience allergies
• Consider switching brands
Dos and Don'ts about condoms

• Do always store condoms in a cool and dry

place away from heat and sunlight
• Don’t store condoms on hot and squezzing
places like wallets
• Do check package condition of the condoms as
well as their expiry date. Condoms usually has a
5 year life span.
• Don’t open the pack with using teeth or a sharp
instrument as this might damage the condom
 Thank you for
your attention…