UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF ER. ALTAMASH MANSOORI LECTURER CIVIL ENGG. INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY LKO.

TAIYYAB YUSUF NIPURN KAKKAR SYED AUSAF HASAN EKANK TIWARI B.TECH CIVIL 3RD YR (CE-2)

SLEEPER
Sleepers are member generally laid transverse to the rail on which the rails are supported and fixed ,to transfer the loads from rails to ballast and sub-grade below.

FUNCTIONS OF SLEEPERS:
To hold the rails to correct gauge. To hold the rails in proper lever. To distribute the load from the rails to index area of ballast underlying it. To act an elastic medium in between the ballast and rails.

To distribute the load from the rails to index area of ballast underlying it

To support the rails at a proper level in straight

tracks and at proper superelevation on curves.
They also provide means to rectify track geometry during service life.

REQUIREMENTS OF SLEEPERS
The sleepers to be used should be economical. The weight of sleepers should not be too heavy. The design of sleepers should be such that they are not damaged during packing processes.

The design of sleepers should be such that they are not damaged during packing processes. The insulation of rails should possible for track circuiting if required though sleepers. The sleepers should be capable of resisting shocks and vibrations An ideal sleeper should also have antisabotage and anti-theft qualities.

TYPES OF SLEEPERS
There are following types of sleeper: *Wooden sleepers *Metal sleepers (a)Cast iron sleepers (b)Steel sleepers *Concrete sleepers (a)Reinforced concrete sleepers (b)Pre-stressed concrete sleepers *

WOODEN SLEEPERS

Wooden sleepers are regarded to be best as they fulfil almost all the requirement of an ideal sleeper .The life of timber sleepers depends upon their ability to resist .Wear, Decay, White ants

ADVANTAGES
r is asily availa l i all arts f I ia. sl rs ar asy t lay, r lay, ack. T s sl rs ar s ita l f r all ty f allast. Fitti gs f r sl rs ar f a si l i sig . T y ar st f r track-circ it rati s. Ti

DISADVANTAGES
The sleepers are subjected to wear, decay, cracking, rail cutting etc. Track is easily disturbed. Wooden sleepers have got minimum service life 12 to 15 years. Maintenance cost of wooden sleeper is highest

CONCRETE SLEEPER
They are made of a strong homogeneous materials ,impervious to effects of moisture and is unaffected by chemical attack of atmospheric gases or sub-soil salts.

TYPES OF CONCRETE SLEEPERS

R i f rc c cr t sl Pr -str ss c cr t sl rs rs

ADVANTAGES
These sleepers are free from natural decay and attacks by vermin, insects etc. They have maximum life when compared to other sleepers. There is no difficulty in track-circuiting. The sleepers have higher elastic modulus.

DISADVANTAGES
The weight of concrete sleeper is as high as 2.5 to 3 times of wooden sleepers. These sleepers require pads and plugs for spikes. They damage the bottom edge during the packing. The damages to the concrete sleepers is very heavy in case of derailment.

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