The Philippine

Administrative System
Group 1 Presentation
 Introduction: Administrative System

• Administrative systems - refer to systems and processes for filing

and record keeping, office correspondence, visitor and phone call
management, internal communication, financial management and
other administrative duties. Those systems should be understood
and followed by all staff members to ensure a smooth functioning
of your organization.
 PHILIPPINE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM
(PAS)

• PAS refers to a network of organizations with specific rules and goals,

structures, resources and programs. It includes the internal processes of and the
interaction between and constituted to implement, help formulate, monitor or
assess public policies.
• Public PA socio- political and economic environment system covers the PA
relationship with it's immediate public in contact, as well as the PA's reactions
to or how it is affected by the greater socio-political and economic environment
within which it operates.
The Past and Present (PAS)
 Pre-Spanish Period.

• Before the Spaniards arrived, the Philippines consisted of towns or villages known as
barangays, named after balangay, a Malayan term meaning "boat." Before Ferdinand
Magellan's arrival, Filipinos lived in a series of barangays, small towns connected by
regional trade networks. People of Austronesian origin used Balangay boats to get to
the Philippines, and the word "barangay" comes from the word "balangay." The
underclasses of these societies included serfs and slaves. In contemporary times, the
powerful individuals who led them were known as Datus, although other civilizations
used different nomenclature. Indianized datus grew in power as Hinduism expanded.
In the mid-15th century, Sulu became the first significant state to accept Islam
 Spanish Colonial Period (1521–1898).

• Following Spanish colonization, the archipelago culture evolved from diverse native Asian and Islamic
civilizations, including animist religious practices, to a distinctive Southeast Asian-Western
combination, mainly Spanish. The colonial government of Spain is a monarchy in every sense of the
word. In Spain's democratic monarchy, the King serves as prime minister. Spain set up a national
colonial administration to administer the Philippines' provinces, cities, towns, and municipalities. Local
governments assisted in building schools and other public works. Spain ruled the Philippines from 1565
to 1898. In those days, Spain was far away. Thus, the Islands were administered by the Viceroy of
Mexico, another Spanish province. A governor-general administered the Philippines when Mexico
became independent in 1821. The King was aided in this by a separate government committee
overseeing colonial affairs. From 1565 until 1837, it was known as the Council of the Indies, and from
1863 to 1898, it was known as The Overseas Council.
 American Colonial Period (1898–1946).

• American Colonial Period (1898–1946). On July 1, 1902, the US Congress

passed the Philippines Act, giving the Philippines some autonomy. The US
replaced military rulers in the Philippines with a civilian administration led
by William Howard Taft. American colonization of the Philippines lasted 48
years, from 1898 when Spain ceded the Philippines to the US through 1946
when the US recognized Philippine independence. America occupied the
Philippines until its independence on July 4, 1946
 The Early Republic (1946–1965).

• The Philippines granted its independence in 1946. The country had just gone through
WWII, which caused severe physical destruction and economic decline. While these
factors would pose demanding challenges to the public bureaucracy, the emergence of
the two-party system soon after independence would significantly affect the character
and nature of the civil service. The 1955 bureaucracy was characterized as it was
vulnerable to nepotism. Despite an order that prohibited the appointment of relatives,
this was unenforceable during this period. It was attributed to the closeness of
Filipino families and the expectations that successful members of the family are
obligated to extend aid to less successful relatives.
 The Marcos Regime (1965–1986).

• Marcos imposed martial law in 1972 despite starting a constitutional conference in

1971. Marcos justified the action by citing the communist insurgency and Muslim
separatism, both on the rise in the country. One-fifth of the communities in the nation
had communist rebels living in it at one point. Marcos presented his administration as
waging war against the country's wealthy landowners, who had long held power. To
keep the nation running smoothly when martial law was in existence, he turned to the
more technocratic civil service, which was amenable to his ideas. Shortly after, the
country underwent its first major restructuring since independence, including purging
the civil service.
 The Aquino Regime (1986–1992).

• Aquino utilized the 1973 constitution as a "freedom constitution" before

forming a new constitution-making commission. The "Freedom Constitution"
declared the Aquino Government to be directly installed by the Filipino
people alongside the New Armed Forces of the Philippines. As a result,
President Aquino can now wield executive and legislative powers
concurrently. This power was utilized to amend the Family Code to enhance
workplace gender parity. The 1987 constitution reintroduced democracy to
the 1935 constitution.
 The Ramos Regime (1992-1998).

• When it came time for the 1992 presidential election, Ramos emerged victorious, even
though claims of electoral malpractice marred the election. There were simultaneous
presidential, parliamentary, and local elections for the first time in 1992. In addition, 24
senators were elected in this election, with the twelve with the lowest votes serving just a
three-year term. Due to this election, 12 senators for staggered six-year terms were
implemented. During the Aquino administration, there was an energy problem that Ramos
had to deal with, which he handled by issuing contracts that favored power companies.
During the term of the Ramos administration, government-owned monopolies were
privatized, economic regulations were loosened, and economic growth was accelerated.
 The Estrada Administration (1998-2001).

• Joseph Estrada won in the 1998 election with a populist campaign that directly addressed the
concerns of lower-income Filipinos. Aquino and the Catholic Church opposed Estrada's attempt
to change the constitution to lessen economic protectionism. Government forces fought back
against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in an "all-out battle," gaining back control of the
major insurgent base at Camp Abubakar. Nonetheless, despite broad anti-rebel enthusiasm, the
administration was beset by suspicions of favoritism and corruption. For the jueteng gambling
incident, the House of Representatives impeached him. Protests erupted when Estrada's Senate
backers effectively barred evidence presented during the impeachment trial. Following EDSA II,
the Philippine Armed Forces moved from Estrada to Vice President Arroyo. The Supreme Court
ruled Estrada's position void, compelling him to resign and vacate Malacañang Palace.
 The Arroyo Administration (2001-2010).

• Arroyo was sworn in as President of the Philippines on January 20, 2001.

Arroyo's People Power Coalition won most seats in the 2001 elections,
cementing its status as the country's leader. Arroyo halted a revolution
attempt in the financial area in 2003. After less than a year in office, Arroyo
was eligible for re-election as president and won by a razor-thin margin. After
her victory, Arroyo made many constitutional amendments to establish a
parliamentary system.
 The Benigno Aquino III Administration (2010-
2016).

• As a result of Aquino's anti-corruption campaign, the economy grew, and he

remained popular. Other goals included making independent agencies like the
Supreme Court and Ombudsman more effective. Aquino's government was praised
for its political stability and perceived cleanliness; it also had the greatest approval
ratings since Marcos' time in office. However, natural disasters and revelations about
pork barrel scams and another misuse of discretionary funding fueled resistance to
the Obama administration's policies in the years that followed. Rather than being
directed at Aquino personally, this resistance grew out of frustration with the
perceived ineffectiveness of reform in the broader political system.
 The Duterte Administration (2016-present).
• The 2016 Presidential Election favored Rodrigo Duterte, the mayor of Davao City. On a populist
platform, Duterte garnered support from many socioeconomic groups, notably the middle class.
Duterte pursued a War on Drugs, which the opposition, now dominated by Liberal Party politicians
sympathetic to Aquino, denounced the deaths as crimes against humanity. Duterte's aggressive anti-
drug campaign is highly appreciated because drug issues were underappreciated under the previous
two administrations. He then concentrated on infrastructure development and the abolition of the
communist insurgency by designating the Communist Party of the Philippines-New People's Army
(CPP-NPA) as a terrorist organization, establishing an integration program for ex-rebels, and
granting amnesty to those who were eligible to join the group. With the agreement of the Moro
Islamic Liberation Front, the government expanded and empowered Muslim autonomy, replacing
the ARMM with the more powerful Bangsamoro region.
 PAS STRUCTURE

• 1. Constitutional bodies
(A) Constitutional commission- CSC, COA, COMELEC
(B) Constitutionally created/mandated special bodies-CHR and Ombudsman
2. Executive Departments
3. GOCCs (wholly-owned or at least 51%)
4. Chartered Institutions (created by law)
5. LGUs
 Administrative Relationships

• If an office is under the supervision and control of another unit, it means that the higher
office:
-Has authority to act directly , whenever specific function is entrusted by law or regulation to a
subordinate.
-Directs the performance of a duty.
-Retrains the commission of acts.
-Reviews, approves, reverses or modified acts or decision of subordinate officials and units.
-Determines priorities in executing plans and programs
-Prescribes standards, guidelines, plans and programs
 Administrative Supervision and Attachment

• Administrative Supervision:
-Oversee the operations of such agencies to ensure these are managed effectively, efficiently and economically;
no interference in day to day activities
-Require submission of reports; cause the conduct of mgt audit, performance evaluation and inspection to
determine rectification of violations, abuses, etc.
-Review and pass upon, but may not increase or add to them.

Administrative Attachment (attached agencies or corporations):

-Department represented in the board, as chair of member.
-Comply with periodic reporting
-Department provides general policies thru its board representatives
 GOVERNMENT REORGANIZATION (GR)

• -PRE PLANNING OR REORGANIZATION

-PREPARATION OF REORGANIZATION PROPOSALS
-FINAL STAGE
 GOVERNMENR REORGANIZATION (GR)

• -GR- Planned deliberate efforts to systematically alter the existing organizational structure usually for the
purpose of achieving government objectives with more economy, efficiency and effectiveness .
-Pre-planning or reorganization
(a) how reorganization is initiated
(b) who is the authority vested with reorganization
(c) setting goals and tasks
(d)defining the powers to reorganize and outline the scope
(e) setting resources
-Preparation of reorganization proposals
(a) constituting the reorganization body
(b) preparing the reorganization proposals
(c) recruiting support and staff
-Final stage is the passage of a law that grants the authority to implement the reorganization process
Components of PAS:
• Public organization - Judicial mandates, key responsibilities and processes, etc.
• Internal procedures and interactive efforts -Perform public duties by established rules and
procedures internal to the organization..
• Responsible for implementing public policies Jointly conceived by the legislative and
executive branches
• Awareness of the diverse types of clientele it interacts with
• Socio-political, economic environment – PAS as part of a broader social structure with
overlapping claims to scarce resources and structures play a role in deciding resource use
• Public organization - Judicial mandates, key responsibilities and processes, etc.
• Internal procedures and interactive efforts - Perform public functions by established rules and
procedures internal to the organization;
• Responsible for implementing public policies – Jointly conceived by the legislative and
executive branches
• Awareness of the diverse types of clientele it works with;
• Socio-political, economic environment – PAS being part of a broader social structure with
overlapping claims to scarce resources and structures play a role in deciding resource use.
Sources of Power of the PAS
• Instrument of the state – Government roles are legally exercised, backed by State policies and
authority
• Enforcer and implementor of public policy – Discretion in the execution of legislation
• Service delivery system – Discretion to assess the number, consistency, adequacy and
timeliness of the services that it offers
• Participant in policy formulation – Legal advice and policy-making is sought
• Technical expertise –Technical preparation of civil servants in policy-related fields of expertise

• Nationwide presence – Extensive scope to organize funding for services around the region.
Capability-Building (CB) CB – refers to the 'building of people-based systems and
organizations, which is the true core of the term. It means empowering people to organise
themselves around shared needs and to work together on common goals. It is presented to
decision makers, service implementers and program recipients."
 The Importance of Philippine Administrative
System
1.PAS empowers people:
1. institutionalizes access to PAS services;
2. decentralizes & makes operations transparent;
3. listens and works with people;
4. procedures should be made simple and local language should be
used
 REFERENCES:

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357899634_The_Philippine_admi
nistrative_system_A_review_of_the_past_present_and_the_future_researc
h#:~:text=The%20Philippine%20government%20is%20unitary,legislative%
2C%20executive%2C%20and%20judiciary
• https://www.slideshare.net/jobitonio/philippine-administrative-system-pas
• https://www.slideshare.net/jobitonio/philippine-administrative-syatem-by-
hczs