United States Legal System

Turangga Ahmad Qory 2019.111.035

Rama Dante 2019.111.030
Shofi Sania 2019.111.036
Syaza Nabila 2019.111.043

CLASS B
 What is the Law?
A set of rules, promulgated by government agencies with
authority to do so, that attempt to guide conduct, and
subsequently provide sanctions when the rules are
violated.
 Three Branches of Government
(Constitution)

Executive Branch Legislative Branch Judicial Branch

(Rules and Regulations (Public Laws, U.S.C Statutes, (Case Law)
Proclamations Administrative Indiana Code Acts)
Decisions Executive Orders)
 Executive Branch
- Grant reprieves and pardons, Appoint
judges to fill vacancies in the court.

- Authority to call special sessions of

Congress President is Commander-in-
Chief Power to veto bills.
 Legislative Executive
- Approve presidential appointments Authority to bring
impeachment hearings Power to override presidential
vetoes Control appropriations Ratify treaties Declare War.

- Power to institute new courts Authority to impeach

Approve Judical appointments made by President.
 Primary and Secondary Authority
- Primary, the law itself.
Constitutions – Statutes, Administrative regulations
issued pursuant to enabling legislation, Case law.

- Secondary, all legal materials that are not primary

authority or finding aids. It includes encyclopaedia, law
reviews, treaties, ALR.
 Court System
Trial Court > Intermediate Appellate Court > Final Appellate
 Path of a Court Case

Trial Court Final Appellate Court

Complaint, indictment, information. Pre-
trial activities, Trial, and Decision 01 03 Final Appellate Court

Intermediate Appellate Court

Briefs, Argument, Decision. 02

Mandatory vs Persuasive
Authority
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Teaching method Our

You can describe the topic 01 03 teachers

You can describe the topic
of the section here of the section here

Academic areas Enrollment

You can describe the topic 02 04 process

You can describe the topic
of the section here of the section here
 Mandatory

Authority that a court must follow typically, a higher

court in the jurisdiction.
Example:
- All in trial courts must follow the IN Supreme Court
and the IN Court of Appeals
- IN Court of Appeals must follow IN Supreme Court
On U.S.
Constitutional matters only, even state courts must
follow US Supreme Court.
 Persuasive

- Authority which carries some weight but is not

binding or mandatory. Can be primary or secondary
authority.

- It is based on opinion of sister court (Primary

Persuasive) or legal scholar (Secondary Persuasive).
 Sources of Law
Constitutional Law
- U.S. Constitution
- State Constitutions
- It may grant more rights than the U.S. Constitution, but not fewer.
- Judicial review

Statutory Law
- Congress
- State legislatures
- Local authorities

Administrative Law
Federal Communications Commissions
 Criminal and Civil Law

Criminal, offense against society

Civil, offense against individual(s). There
are two types of civil laws, Contracts and
Torts (Libel, Invasion of privacy, Copyright
infringement).
 The Appeals Process

Justiciable controversy, appeals court do not retry cases.

Judge must follow precedent:
- Relevant higher-court ruling prevails.
- Ruling from another district can be a guide.
- State and federal judges must consider each other’s
rulings.
- Doctrine of stare decisis.
THANK YOU