Autoimmune disease

Mario Hedianto Tedjo

PPDS Bedah FK ULM
Objective
Introduction

Definition

Type of autoimmune disease

Symptoms

Diagnosis of autoimmune disease

Treatment of autoimmune disease

References
 Introduction

Autoimmune is a pathological condition in which there is

malfunctioning of immune system and the immune system is
activated causing the destruction of its own cells since it serve its
own cells as foreign cells. In most cases the reason of autoimmune
reaction leading autoimmunity are unknown but studies shows that
there are a no of factors which are associated with autoimmunity are
genetic, infection, environment. (Okada H et al.,2010).
 Introdution

Immune system is a system which comprises offset of chemical,

cellular and soluble protein mechanism which protects the body
against the infections without attacking its own molecules antigens
are the proteins which Produces the specific response in the body.
They are found in whole body such as spleen, bone marrow, liver,
thymus, gut etc. there are presence of specific molecule which are
present on T and B lymphocyte which distinct the self and non self
molecule. (Okada H etal.,2010).
 Defintion
Autoimmune diseases are defined as pathologies of adaptive
immunity by the presence of autoantibodies or MHC-restricted
auto antigen-reactive T cells. Because auto reactivity is a normal
process based on mechanisms producing repertoires of antibodies
and T cell receptors, crucial questions about disease mechanisms
and key steps for interference have been outstanding.( Opdenakker et
al.,2020).
Type of autoimmune disease
They are mainly three types :

1.Systemic autoimmune disease

2.Localized autoimmune disease

3.Hemocytolytic autoimmune disease

Systemic disorders
1.Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

2.Goodpasture syndrome

3.Sarcoidosis

4.Sjogren syndrome

5.Rheumatoid arthritis

6.Multiple sclerosis

7.Polyarteritis nodosa
Haemocytolytic disorder

1.Autoimmune leucopenia disease

2.Autoimmune thrombocytopenia

3.Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

 Local disorders

1. Dermatomyositis

2. Psoriasis

3. Vitiligo

4. Alopecia areata

5. Addison disease

6. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

7. Hashimotos disease

8. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

(Ferrari and silvia Martina, (2019)) .

Symptoms
Fatigue

joint pain and swelling

skin problem

abdominal pain or digestive issues

recurring fever

swollen gland (ctti et al.,2017).

Diagnosis of autoimmune disease
By clinical symptoms

immunofluorescence

immuno diffusion

enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) techniques

Radio immuno assay

Use of Antigen to Detect Autoantibodies (Kim et al.,(2019)).

Treatment of autoimmune disease
Glucocorticoids

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

immunosuppressive and biological agents

polyphenols

B12 for treatment hemolytic anemia

Usage of Monoclonal antibody ( Khan and Haroon,(2019))

References

1.khan, Haroon, et al. "Polyphenols in the treatment of autoimmune diseases."

Autoimmunity reviews 18.7 (2019): 647-657.

2.Ferrari, Silvia Martina, et al. "The association of other autoimmune diseases in

patients with Graves' disease (with or without ophthalmopathy): review of the literature
and report of a large series." Autoimmunity reviews 18.3 (2019): 287-292.

3.Kim, Jong Hoon, and Soo-Chan Kim. "Paraneoplastic pemphigus: paraneoplastic

autoimmune disease of the skin and mucosa." Frontiers in Immunology 10 (2019): 1259.

4.Davidson, Anne, and Betty Diamond. "General features of autoimmune disease." The
autoimmune diseases. Academic Press, 2020. 17-4
 REFRENCES
5.Opdenakker, G., El-Asrar, A. A., & Van Damme, J. (2020). Remnant Epitopes Generating
Autoimmunity: From Model to Useful Paradigm. Trends in Immunology.

6.Okada H, Kuhn C, Feillet H, Bach JF (2010) The ‘hygienehypothesis’ for autoimmune and
allergic diseases: an update.Clin Exp Immunol 160: 1-9.

7.ctti, M., Lahner, E., Esposito, G., Sacchi, M. C., Severi, C., & Annibale, B. (2017). Upper
gastrointestinal saraboymptoms in autoimmune gastritis: A cross-sectional study.
Medicine, 96(1).

8. Abbas, AK; Litchmann, AH. (2004). Basic Immunology, Functions and Disorders of the
Immune System, 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier