Music of the

Cordillera, Mindoro,
Palawan and Visayas
At the end of this lesson,
1. You should be able to describe the music characteristics
of representative selections of Cordillera, Mindoro,
Palawan and of the Visayas.

2. Appreciate the beauty of highlands music – Cordillera,

Mindoro, Palawan and Visayas through listening sample
folk song.

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 Music of the Cordillera
The Music of Cordillera may be categorized into;
1. Vocal music
2. Instrumental music
3. Vocal ensemble with instrument
accompaniment
 Vocal music
1. Ibaloi Badiw - ritual song
2. The Infancy Songs
● Owiwi (Kalinga)
●
●
Dagdagay (Kalinga)
Oppia (Kalinga) Cordillera
● Langan bata-bata (Tausug)
● Bua (Subannen)
● Kawayanna (Kalinga)

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 Vocal music
1. Marayaw
- ritual song
2. Pamuybuyen Mindoro
- “fear of water’
3. Ambahan
- used in courtship and by visitors
to ask food.

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The music of Palawan is
described by copying the
sounds from nature and
the environment. The
native language highly
Palawan
influenced their music.

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The native of Palawan have different
kinds of vocal forms.

1. Kulial - expresses love

2. Tultul - about epic heroes

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 Vocal Music
Visayan music has different
functions in their lives. The
songs in Visayas comprise
children’s songs, lullabies, Visayas
ballad, working songs, and
serenade.

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 Vocal Music
The common theme of the
musical style is about love
and marriage and usually Visayas
performed by good singers as
well as dancers and actors.

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Instrumental Music of
Cordillera
 Two Distinct Sound Characteristics of
Cordillera Instrumental Music

1. Metal Instrument
Idiophones – musical instruments in which a resonant material
such as wood, stone or metals vibrate to produce the initial
sound.
2. Wooden Instrument
Membranophone – musical instrument which produces sound
primarily by way of a vibrating stretched membrane.

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 Instrumental Music of Cordillera
1. Metal Instruments: Gongs
Gangsa ensemble is one of the common example of
metal instruments.

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Gangsa Toppaya

Gangsa Palook

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2. Bamboo Instruments: Woodwind and Percussion
Instruments

a. Bungkaka or Bilbil
It is played by striking
against the palm of one
hand

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b. Tongali - “nose flute”
It is played with the extreme
forward edge of the right or left
nostril.

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c. Tongatong
These are bamboo tubes played
by stamping each against the
ground.

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d. Ulibaw
It is a mouth-resonated bamboo
instruments.
Ulibaw is played with a flexible
tongue fixed at one to a surrounding
frame.

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e. Patteteg
It is composed of bamboo of
different sizes for varied timbre. It
is split in half and struck by a
wooden stick while on the lap.

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Instrumental Music of
Mindoro
The musical instruments of Mindoro is used during
rituals, festivals, and daily activity of Mangyan.

a. Kudyapi
It is a two string long neck
lute, one string for the
melody and one for the drone.

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b. Gitgit (Lute)
It is a 3 to 4 string instrument
made from wood and human hair
for the bow.

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c. Kalutang
It is a pair of percussion bars
or wood stuck to each other
to produce a pitch.

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Instrumental Music of
Palawan
The musical instruments of Palawan are made of bamboo,
wood, strings, and metals.

a. Basal (gong)
A set of one or two
big gongs (agung)
and a pair of
small ringed gongs (sanang)
and gimbal (drum)

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b. Kudyapi
It is played by plucking the strings and
the slit allows the sound to vibrate along
the length of the instrument

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c. Gimbal (drum)
A musical
instruments played
with basal.

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Instrumental Music of
Visayas
 Here are the well-known ensemble in the
Visayas
Rondalla
● It is a string ensemble that originated in Spain.
● It is group of string instruments played with pick.
● Juan Silos, Jr, the “Father of Rondalla” is one of
many Filipino musicians lead the ensemble.

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 Here are the well-known ensemble in the
Visayas
Tultogan
It is an ensemble of
drums and bamboo. To
produce sounds, the body
of bamboo is struck with
sticks.

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 Here are the well-known ensemble in the
Visayas
Binanog
It is a gong, drum, wooden
percussion ensemble.
It accompanies a dance
imitating the fight of the
hawk.

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Thank
you for
listening!
Any questions?

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