Principle no.

26
High quality feed must contain the proper
proportion(optimum proportion) of:

• Protein and EAA

• Fats and EFA
• Carbohydrates
• Minerals
• Vitamins
Why nutrient composition in feed mixture is very
important?
When planning a supplementary feeding
program and choosing feeds it is
important to know the nutrient
composition of those feeds so that
nutritional requirements for target
animals can be met.
 Protein and EAA
Amino acids are the fundamental constituents of
body proteins and serve as substrates for protein
synthesis. Nine amino acids are considered essential
amino acids (EAA), meaning they cannot be
synthesized de novo, or the synthesis rate does not
adequately meet the body's demand.
Protein supplies amino acids (AA) for energy,
growth, protein synthesis and as substrates for key
metabolic pathways.
The role of amino acids in the diet is to work as the
basic unit for protein synthesis. Proteins, in turn,
once synthesized, will participate in various
functions in the body, such as muscle tissue
construction, and catalysis of biological reactions
(enzymes).
 Fats and EFA

Essential fatty acids, or EFAs, are fatty acids that

humans and other animals must ingest because
the body requires them for good health but
cannot synthesize them.
Lipids (fats) are high-energy nutrients and are
about 15% of fish diets. Their main function in
the diet are supplying essential fatty acids
(EFA) and being fat-soluble vitamins
transporters.
 Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates, or carbs, are sugar molecules.
Along with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are
one of three main nutrients found in foods and
drinks. Your body breaks down carbohydrates
into glucose.
Glucose, or blood sugar, is the main source of
energy for the body's cells, tissues, and organs.
In addition to being a source of energy, soluble
carbohydrate in fish feed also gives pellets integrity
and stability and makes them less dense.
 Minerals

Minerals play a pivotal role to establish minimum

requirement and maximum tolerance for an element
to secure optimal health and growth of living
organisms.
 Why are minerals important in fishes?
Sodium, potassium, and chlorine are the most common
inorganic elements found in fish. They are abundant
electrolytes in the body and are essential for a number
of physiological processes. Appropriate levels of these
ions are required for proper functioning of cells and for
maintaining nerve function.
 Vitamins
A vitamin is an inorganic molecule that is
an essential micronutrient that an organism needs
in small quantities for the proper functioning of
its metabolism.
 Why do fish need vitamins?

Fish need vitamins for health just like any animal. An

improper or incomplete diet can result in nutrient and vitamin
deficiencies and the onset of serious conditions such as stunted
or improper growth, a weakened immune system, or death.
Vitamin supplements, along with a varied diet, are an ideal
way to fill in nutritional gaps.
 What vitamins do fish need?
Vitamin A - Essential for normal growth and development as well as for proper formation
of bones and scales.

Vitamin B - Complex - Offers a variety of health benefits including proper growth,
function of the nervous system, digestion of protein, and protection of the slime coat.

Vitamin C - Plays an essential role in disease prevention, healing, digestion, as well as
proper formation of the skeleton

Vitamin D - Necessary for calcium and phosphorus metabolization, which aids in normal
development of bones and scales

Vitamin K - Aids in blood coagulation.

Thank you
For
Listening!!!