PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MACHINE

OPERATING IN GENERATING MODE

Presented By:

GODSPOWER SABASTINE BRUNO

PG/ACE-SPED/2019/M/014
Program: MEng. in Electrical Engineering
Automatic Control Systems Option

Supervisors:
ENGR. PROF. C.M. NWOSU
DR. CHIBUZO
NNONYELU

JANUARY, 2022
 OUTLINE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Statement of Problem
3. Aims and Objectives of the Research
4. Significance of the Research
5. Scope of the Research
6. Literature Review
7. Block diagram of the system
8. Simulink Model of the system
9. Operations of the Power Electronics Converter
10. Simulink model of the Power Electronics Converter
11. References
 INTRODUCTION
• Global warming is a major challenge to the world today and most power generating plants use fossil
fuels which is a major contributor to greenhouse gases.

• The constant emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere has caused deflection in the ozone layer.
• Wind energy is a great resource of renewable energy which is the alternative source of fuel to
hydrocarbon and shows great signs for reducing adverse environmental effects.
• There are several types of generators that be coupled to wind turbines to convert the kinetic energy of
wind into electrical energy. They are a doubly-fed induction generator, permanent magnet synchronous
generator, and Switched Reluctance Generator.
• Switched Reluctance Generator in comparison with other existing generators used for wind power
generation and the hybrid electric vehicle shows most favorable potentials such as low production cost,
good fault-tolerant, ruggedness, high starting torque, wide operation speed capability, and high torque-
inertia ratio . It has the problem of torque ripple, acoustic noise and vibration.
 INTRODUCTION
• The Switched Reluctance Generator is simple in structure. It has both Rotor and Stator parts which are
both made of laminated iron.

• The Rotor is brushless and has no winding of any kind. The Stator has a winding which is concentric
coils wound in series on diagonally opposite stator poles. The different phase windings on the stator are
separately excited.

Switched Reluctance Machine [1]

□Due to the absence of windings on its Rotor, it experiences less loss and less heat is generated when
compared to other generators used for wind power generation.
□It is finds relevance in wind power generation, aircraft starters and generators, hybrid electric vehicle
and industrial automation
 STATEMENT
PROBLEM OF
□ There is a large emission of carbon into the atmosphere and this has caused an
imbalance in our ecosystem. Most sources of energy involve the burning of fuel which
releases carbon gas into the atmosphere. Wind energy is environmentally friendly. The
existing wind generator has their limitations.
□Double-fed induction generator has the problem of rotor losses, brush maintenance, and
grid support
□A permanent magnet synchronous generator has the problem cost due to the high cost of
a rare-earth permanent magnet.
□Switched Reluctance Generator has the potential to perform better than other types of
existing Wind energy generators. But has the problem of control for a stable operation
due to its nonlinear nature of flux distribution. And this causes high torque ripple,
acoustic noise and makes its control very difficult.
□Due to the nonlinear distribution of flux, Switched Reluctance Generator has a problem
of acoustic noise, torque ripple and difficulty in control
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH
•To carry out Performance analysis of Switched Reluctance Machine
operating in its generating mode
• The objectives are:
i. MATLAB design and simulation of the Switched Reluctance
Motor
operating in its generating mode
i. Control of the generated voltage using a proportional-integral
controller
i. Control of the generated voltage using sliding mode controller
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
This work will be beneficial in the following areas:
• wind power generation
• Aircraft starters and generator,
• Hybrid Electric Vehicles,
• Industrial Automation and Drones due to its flexibility in control
• Educational and research institute
 SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH
The scope of this work covers
i. Design and simulation of Switched Reluctance Generator using MATLAB
i. Performance analysis of Switched Reluctance Motor operating in Electric breaking and
regenerative mode
. Control of the output dc voltage of Switched Reluctance Generator using a PI
controller
v. Control of the Output dc voltage of the Switched Reluctance Generator using Sliding
Mode Controller
 LITERATURE REVIEW
There are lots of reviews on the performance analysis of a Switched Reluctance Motor but little has been
done on the control of a Switched Reluctance Generator. Below are some of the notable contributions to
the development of the Switched Reluctance Generator.
Zeki and Ceren [2] in their study on the control of switched reluctance generator in power system
application for variable speed, simulating the output voltage control of a switched reluctance generator
using a PI voltage controller on a MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The obtained simulated result was
compared to the experimental result and it was observed to be similar. It is also proven from their work
that changes in phase current are affected I the choice of turn-on and turn-off angle.
Kim and Ha [3] in their work on the speed controller of an SRM, were able to significantly reduce the
problem torque ripple and enhance high control performance by optimizing a PID controller with the
help of a Genetic optimization algorithm
Pillay et.al [4] proposed a new method of minimizing the problem of torque ripple of an SRM which is
based on the control of the sum of the square of the phase currents. The method makes use of two
current sensors and analog multipliers. A sliding mode controller was used to control the speed.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM
The system comprises of controller unit, control logic, power converter circuit and Switched Reluctance
Generator.

Control of Switched Reluctance Generator

SIMULINK MODEL OF SYSTEM
 OPERATIONS OF THE POWER ELECTRONICS CONVERTER

When both switches are TURNED-ON When both switches are OPEN
SIMULINK MODEL OF POWER ELECTRONICS CONVERTER
SIMULINK MODEL OF COMMUTATION PULSE GENERATOR
 SIMULINK MODEL OF SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER

Given that the control law is:

Block diagram of the mechanical section
Block diagram of the magnetic section
Inductance based mathematical modeling of a
Switched Reluctance Generator
COMMUTATION PULSE GENERATOR OUTPUT
 Electric Braking with the regeneration operation of a Switched Reluctance
Motor
 Electric Braking with the regeneration operation of a Switched Reluctance
Motor
( Result)
 Electric Braking with the regeneration operation of a Switched Reluctance
Motor
( Result)

A graph showing the direction of current during motoring and generating operation
 Electric Braking with the regeneration operation of a Switched Reluctance
Motor
( Result)

A graph of flux during motoring and generating operation

 Electric Braking with the regeneration operation of a Switched Reluctance
Motor
( Result)

A graph of electromagnetic torque during motoring and generating operation

 Electric Braking with the regeneration operation of a Switched Reluctance
Motor
( Result)

A graph of electromagnetic torque during motoring and generating operation

A GRAPH OF GENERATED VOLTAGE WITHOUT A
CONTROLLER
GENERATED VOLTAGE WITH A PI CONTROLLER AT A REFERENCE
VOLTAGE OF 200V
GENERATED VOLTAGE WITH SMC CONTROLLER AT A
REFERENCE VOLTAGE OF 200V
GRAPH SHOWING THE PERFORMANCE OF BOTH THE PI AND SMC TRANSIENT
RESPONSE TO THE GENERATED VOLTAGE
 Result of comparison
Transient response specifications PI controller SMC controller

Rise time (seconds) 2.55 2.26

Delay time (seconds) 2.129 2.126

Steady state error 0.5 0.6

Settling time (seconds) 2.55 2.26

 Result Discussion
From the table above, it is observed that the waveform of the generated voltage when
controlled with a sliding mode controller, has a less settling time, lower rise time, and a lower
delay time when compared with a waveform of a generated voltage controlled by a
conventional linear PI controller. In both controllers, Peak Overshoot and steady-state error
were significantly eliminated.

From the result, it is obvious that the sliding mode controller performs better than the
conventional PI controller in regulating and maintaining the desired generated voltage in terms
of rise time, settling time, steady-state error, and almost a zero-peak overshoot.
 Contribution to knowledge

At the end of the work, we were able to

• established the performance analysis comparison of a Switched Reluctance
Machine when controlled with a PI controller and a sliding mode controller

• Re-established the already existing knowledge through computer simulation that Switched
Reluctance Machine can be used or applied to an EV system

• Contribute to literature as an aid for further study

 CONCLUSION
The simulation result agrees with fact that switched reluctance machine can
operate as a generator through the modification of its firing angle. This work
discusses the operation of a switched reluctance generator subjected to self-
excitation to reach the operational steady-state generated voltage the SRG
system is made up of the SRM, controller, power converter, position sensors,
current sensor, voltage sensor, and capacitor bank. With a sliding mode
controller, the output dc voltage performs better in terms of rise time, settling
time., peak overshoot, and steady-state e when compared with a conventional PI
controller under the same condition and the same set reference voltage. The
control parameters of SRG are turn-on and turn-off and phase current. Switched
Reluctance Generator, finds application in wind power generation, aerospace,
Electric vehicle, etc.
 Recommendation
• Global warming is a major challenge to the world today and most
power generating plant use fossil fuels as a source of fuel which is a
major contributor of greenhouse gases, Switched Reluctance
Generator incorporated to a wind turbine can be used as source of
energy in placed of a fossil fuel generator
• For optimum performance, firing angle plays a key role. The use of
optimization algorithm such as Firefly will help in obtain optimum
firing for maximum efficiency
• Due to its ability to operate in both motoring and generating mode, it
can be used as drive for electric vehicle systems where both motoring
and generating mode is needed
REFERENCES
1K. A. C. Chirapo, A. L. Oliveira, A. J. Sguarezi Filho, A. Pelizari, S. G. Di Santo, and E. C. M. Costa, “P+RES Controller
Applied to the Direct Power Control of Switched Reluctance Generator,” J. Control. Autom. Electr. Syst., vol. 31, no.
2, pp. 360–366, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s40313-019-00543-1.
2Z. Omaç and C. Cevahir, “Control of switched reluctance generator in wind power system application for
variable speeds,” Ain Shams Eng. J., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 2665–2672, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2021.01.009.
3R. S. Wallace and D. G. Taylor, “A Balanced Commutator for Switched Reluctance Motors to Reduce Torque
Ripple,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 7, no.4, pp. 617- 626,1992.
4P. Pillay, Y. Liu, W. Cai, and T. Sebastian, “ Multiphase operation of Switched Reluctance Motor Drives,” IEEE
Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Conference Record, pp. 310-317, 1997.
THANK YOU