#4 - MACHINES

Simple Present.
Auxiliary Verbs Do and Does
PRE-READING EXERCISES

Calculator 2
Movie câmera 11
Car 4

Cogs 10

Crane 3
Electric train 8
Screws 1

Spring 6
Pulley 7

Lever 5

Inclined plane 12
Wheel 9
 PRE-READING

• C. Use as expressões contidas no quadro para reescrever as frases dadas abaixo:

each one of them all of them some of them all

• 1 They are (todas) machines They are all machines.

Each one of them performs a...

• 2 (Cada um deles) performs a specified task.

• 3. (Todas elas) consist of a combination of parts. All of them consist of a...

• 4. (Algumas delas) simple machines Some of them are machines.

 PRE-READING

D. Copie as frases dadas, completando-as com uma expressão denotadora de modo:

Aprendemos a nadar nadando

We l e a r n t o s w i m b y s w i m m i n g .

• 1. We learn to examine... (examinando) By examining

• 2. We learn to drive... (guiando) By driving

• 3. We learn to write... (escrevendo) By writing

• 4 We learn to read... (lendo) By reading

 GLOSSÁRIO (PARA O TEXTO
DESSA AULA!)

• To have Ter • To examine Examinar / analisar

• To perform Realizar • To seem Parecer

• To dismantle Desmontar • To find out Descobrir

• To resemble Lembrar • To know Saber

 MACHINES

What does a bicycle have in common with a

calculator, a movie camera with a car or a crane with an electric train?
They are all "machines". Each one of them is capable of performing a
specified task and all of them consist of a combination of
parts, some fixed and some moving.

A machine dismantled into its smallest components, that is, into a collection of screws,
springs and cogs resembles a lifeless organism. By examining them, one finds out that the
proper working of a machine seems almost incomprehensible. It is the result of the action
of a number of pieces, large and small, each of which performs an elementary task.

Many machines have a long history. Some of them are the result of a gradual evolution
from "simple machines" (like the wheel, the lever, the inclined plane and the pulley),
known since ancient times. (Adapted from The Family Encyclopedia of General Knowledge)
 READING COMPREHENSION

A - Verdadeiro ou Falso?

1. A machine consists of a combination of parts. V

2. A crane has fixed and moving parts. V

3. Machines perform specified tasks. V

4. Some machines resemble lifeless organisms. F

5. Screws, springs and cogs are smaller machines. F

V
6. The components of a machine perform elementary tasks.

7. Electric trains are known since ancient times. F

8. Many machines are the result of a gradual evolution. V

 READING COMPREHENSION

B. Qual é a alternativa correta? (Há frases que 3. The working of a machine…

podem ser completadas por duas alternativas)
a. is totally incomprehensible

1. Each machine… b. results from the action of its components

a. is capable of performing a task c. has a long history

b. consists of fixed and moving parts

c. is known since ancient times

4. Some machines are the result of the evolution
from
2. A dismantled machine resembles…
a. the wheel
a. lifeless organism
b. the lever
b. can perform elementary tasks
c. the crane
c. is a collection of smaller components
 SIMPLE PRESENT

• JACK: Do you work here?

• PAUL: No, I work in a bank.
• JACK: What about Mary?
• PAUL: She works in a bank, too.
 SIMPLE PRESENT

AFIRMATIVA DO E DOES
• I work São verbos, mas também são auxiliares.
• You work To Do – Fazer
• He works I do/She does – Eu faço/Ela faz
• She works
• It works Do you like pizza?

• We work Você gosta de Pizza?

• You work Agindo como auxiliar, que nos mostra

que isso é uma pergunta.
• They work
 SIMPLE PRESENT

INTERROGATIVA NEGATIVA
• Do I work • I do not work
• Do you work? • You do not work
• Does he work? • He does not work
• Does she work • She does not work
• Does it work • It does not work
• Do we work? • We do not work
• Do you work? • You do not work
• Do they work • They do not work

Quando o auxiliar está presente, o verbo principal perde o s, quando está em 3ª

pessoa!
 SIMPLE PRESENT

• 1. Usa-se o presente simples para indicar uma ação habitual ou um fato real.
• I eat.
• He always comes by bus
• Water boils at 100°C.
• They teach.

• 2. Forma-se este tempo com o acréscimo de s à forma simples, na 3ª pessoa

do singular.

• 3. As formas contractas don't e doesn't só são usadas na escrita quando

representam a linguagem oral.
 SIMPLE PRESENT

• 4. Há certos problemas de grafia que devem ser considerados:

• Verbos terminados em sons sibilantes (s, sh, ch, x e z) formam a terceira pessoa do
singular com o acréscimo de es, que se pronuncia como /iz/, constituindo uma sílaba
a mais:
• I pass – He passes
• I wash – He washes
• I fix – She fixes
• I watch – She watches

• Verbos terminados em o recebem es que se pronuncia como /z/:

• I go
• He goes.
 SIMPLE PRESENT

• Verbos terminados em y precedido de vogal recebem apenas s:

• I play - He plays
• I say – She says
• I pray – he prays

• Verbos terminados em y precedido de consoante substituem o y por ie e recebem es

• I study - He studies
• I fly – She flies
• I cry – He cries
 SIMPLE PRESENTE -
EXERCISES
Complete com a forma verbal correta.
Siga o exemplo:I want to go to the movies, but he wants to go to the footballgame. (want)

go goes
1. ______to school in the afternoon and my brother_______ in the evening (go)
go go
2. They _____ to the movies on Sundays, but I______ on Saturdays (go)
hav has
3. We _______
e lunch at school, but John ______ lunch at home. (have)
watch watches
4. I_______ television only on Sundays, but my sister_________ television every night. (watch)
play plays
5. My friends_______ volleyball and my brother________ basketball (play)
work works
6. The boys_________ in a bank and she _________ in an office (work)
study studies
7. We_________ English at school, but Paul________ French (study)
learn learns
8 You_________ English but he________ French. (learn)
PARA FAZER EM CASA

(Para treinar mesmo! Faremos exercícios em sala

e o vestibular é implacável!!! Você pode fazer em
folha separada e entregar para correção.)
 SIMPLE PRESENTE -
EXERCISES

A. Passe para a forma interrogativa:

1. He needs a good job.

2. They go to the movies on Saturdays

3. Peter studies Physics at school.

4. They work in a bank

5 She watches television every night.

6 You speak German.

7. Peter washes his car every week

8 They play basketball at school.

 SIMPLE PRESENTE -
EXERCISES

B. Passe para a forma negativa:

1. He gets a good salary.

2. John studies Biology at school.

3. The children walk to school.

4. Peter plays football well.

5. We work in an office.

6. Mary has lunch at home.

7. I need a new sweater.

8. He goes to the movies on Sundays.

 SIMPLE PRESENTE -
EXERCISES
C. Complete com a forma verbal correta. Veja o modelo:

I do my lessons every day

I am doing my lessons now.
1. Mary ____ lunch now. (have)

2. She_____ to work every day. (walk)

3. They never ____ to school by car. (come)

4. The children_____ in the garden now. (play)

5. Peter always_____ to the club in the morning. (go)

6 Listen! The______ telephone. (ring)

7. Don't interrupt her! She______ a letter now. (write)

8 He usually______ to town. (drive).

 SIMPLE PRESENTE -
EXERCISES
D. Passe para a forma interrogativa:
(Lembre-se: com be não se usa o auxiliar do, does!)

1. You are busy

2. He knows Mary.
3. She will be back on Friday.
4. You smoke
5. They have a good job.
6. Mary was late
7. The children are playing now.
8. She wants to work in a bank.
9. They were very tired.
10. They will be here tomorrow.
 SIMPLE PRESENTE -
EXERCISES
B. Passe para a forma negativa:
(Lembre-se: com be não se usa o auxiliar do, does!)

1. Peter needs a bicycle.

2 The boys were late
3. Mary likes to dance.
4 He will be here this afternoon.
5. They are studying Physics now
6. They watch television every night.
7. You go to the club every day
8. Mary was very busy
9. They get up early
10. We were working hard