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thalassemia
Bambang Sudarmanto
www.khanacemy.org/science/biology/macromolecules/prots-and-amino-acids/a/orders-of-protein-structure
Definition
(10.555 Pasien)
Viprakasit, Vip & Ekwattanakit, Supachai. (2018). Clinical Classification, Screening and
Diagnosis for Thalassemia. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 32. 237-
245. 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.11.006.
Gejala Thalassemia
• Perut membesar
Pucat disertai : Lemah, letih, • Kulit menghitam
lesu, lunglai • Pertumbuhan
organ reproduksi
terhambat
• Pemeriksaan fi sik
• Hemoglobin elektroforesis
• Analisis DNA
Diagnosis
Physical Examination
Anamnesis
1. Anemia
1. Pale
2. Icteric
2. Icteric
3. Facies cooley
3. Distended abdomen
4. Hepatosplenomegaly
4. Growth and development
5. Malnutrition
disturbance
6. Stunting
5. Family history of
7. Skin hyperpigmentation
thalassemia
8. Late puberty
6. History of blood
transfusion
Laboratory Examination
Hb
Erythrocyte index (MCV, MCH, MCHC)
Retikulocyte
Peripheral blood smear:
Microcytic, hypokrom, anisositosis, poikilositosis,
immature erythrocyte (normoblas), fragmentocytes, target cells
Laboratory Examination
Hemoglobin analysis
1. Hemoglobin electrophoreses
a. Quantitative Hb variant (electrophoreses cellulose aceta membrane)
b. Quantitative HbA2 (micro-column method)
c. HbF (Betke modification alkaline denaturation 2 minutes)
d. HbH inclusion bodies (supravital staining/retikulocytes)
2. HPLC method (Beta short variant biorad): qualitative and quantitative analysis
** D N A analysis (molecular)
Kelasi Besi
Tatalaksana
Pengawasan komplikasi
Thalassemia
Splenektomi ( dengan indikasi )
Dukungan psikososial
Tranfusi Darah
Analisis hemoglobin
Analisis DNA
Hb pattern A + A 2 <3% A + F (0.1-7%) + A 1 > 3,5% A + A 2 <3,5% A + F (2-16%) + A 2 > 3% A + abnormal band + A 2
ZnPP + -
Screening for Normal ZnPP
common mutations iron
by DNA analysis Thalassemia
Or Further
HPFH HbS investigati
Globin chain
Iron Deficiency synthesis or-globin on
Characterization of
gene analysis
undefined mutations
by D GGE and direct
sequencing
- and
Thalasse genes
mia analysis
Carrier
+ Thalassemia
OR
Thalassemia
OR
The Thalassemia International Federation 2003 Normal HbA 2
recommendation Thalassemia
MCV < 75
MCH < 25
Indeks Mentzer < 13
MENTZER INDEX :
MCV/TRBC = 60.6/6.12 = 9.8
Skrining test tahap II
Prospektif Retrospektif
1. Pre-marital: Ring 1: jika salah satu anggota keluarga
SMP, SMA, mahasiswa mempunyai riwayat transfusi berulang /
Sebagai persyaratan masuk terdiagnosis Thalassemia / pembawa
sekolah/ membuat SIM / KTP sifat thalassemia
Thalassemia (+)
TIDAK EFEKTIF
Skrining janin: diagnosis pranatal Peraturan aborsi di Indonesia
LEGAL: kehamilan < 6 mgg
Skrining
Prenatal
1. I nva s i ve : A m n i o c e n t e s i s ,
Chorionic villus sampling,
cordocentesis
2. N o n I nva s i v e
Masalah pencegahan
Harapan & kualitas hidup tergantung pada manajemen tranfusi & kelasi yg optimal
dengan pemantauan komplikasi
Thalassemia minor : tidak bergejala, sering tidak terdeteksi, tampak sehat sehingga
penting dilakukan skrining untuk mencegah kelahiran Thalassemia mayor baru
Terima Kasih