JUST WAGE

-renumeration which is enough to support the wage-earner in reasonable

and frugal comfort.
-justice should be a substance of compensation.

Church identifies three principles that are necessary for

implementation of just wage:
1. Principle of need
-wage rate necessary to keep going the individual
and his family. Classy cities require higher wage.
2. Principle of equity
-worth of particular talents, skills and effort
requirement.
3. Principle of economic order
-successful enterprise like Apple may pay a higher
wage than a struggling start-up business.
JUST WAGE DETERMINATION/FACTORS TO FORMULATE FAIR WAGES

1.External market factors

-supply and demand for labor.
2.Laws and regulation
-employers must pay no less than the minimum wage.
3.Cost of living
-essential maintenance needs.
4.Existing industry rate
-workers are paid an average rate of what other companies
are paying for an identical job.
5.Organizational factors
-nature of industry, size of company and organization’s
profitability.
6.Job factors
-duties, responsibilities and skill requirements.
7.Individual performances
-salary increase depends on productivity or performances.
Some Issues on Just Wage
1.The minimum wage by the government is not a
guarantee of a just and fair wage.
2. It is objected that the mutually agreed upon
wages may not be advantageous to the workers.
3. Some communities have higher cost of living than
others.
4. Insufficient financial reources.
5.The Law of Supply and Demand
6.Inflation rate- it dictates the formulation of just
wages.
7. Companies have different interpretations of
justifiable pay for certain job positions, skills and
tasks.
 GIFT-GIVING AND BRIBERY

Gift-Giving
Gift-Giving is merely an act of extending goodwill to an
individual in an effort to share something with them. Giving
gifts to customers, clients, and business partners is a common
practice in the business community.
Businesses usually engage in gift-giving for the following
reasons:
1.To show appreciation for a favor received
2.To effectively establish goodwill with business
partners;
3. To advertise
4. To compete effectively against competitors
The following are the common forms of gift-giving:
1. Raffle coupon or certificates
2. Rebates/cash refunds
3. Padding
4. Premiums
5. Prizes
6. Patronage awards (rewards)
7. Tie-up promotions
8. Free gods
9. Tips
Factors in Determining the Morality of Gift-Giving :
1. Value of the Gift- is the gift of nominal value or substantial
value?
2. Purpose of the Gift- as long as the gift is intended for a good
purpose and of nominal value it is still ethical.
3. Circumstances under Which the Gift was Given or Received
– a gift during special occasions or holidays have different value
than ordinary days.
4. Position between or Relationship of the Gift and the Giver –
Could the receiver’s opinion influence the decisions of the
donor?
5. Acceptable Business Practice in the Industry
6. Company Policy-it the company doesn’t allow gift-giving it
would normally be wrong.
7. Laws and Regulations
Reasons why bribery becomes unethical:
1.Generally used to gain personal or corporate
advantage;
2. It corrupts the concept of justice and equality,
3. Bribery produces cynicism and a general distrust of
institutions;
4. It treats people as commodities whose honor can
be bought and sold.
Bribery – practice of giving something in the expectation to
influence the recipient’s conduct. It may be money, goods, rights
in action, property, preferment, privilege etc.

Examples of Bribery:
1. A narcotics smuggler bribes a judge to lessen
criminal penalties.
2. A motorist offers a certain amount of money to a
police officer in order not to be issued a ticket for
overspeeding.