BACKGROUND OF

THE STUDY
The background of the study is a
compilation of adequate information
that is based on the analysis of the
problem or proposed argument, the
steps and methods needed to arrive at
the design and the implementation of
the results achieved and feasible
solutions.
Related studies, on the other hand,
are studies, inquiries, or
investigations already conducted to
which the present proposed study
is related or has some bearing or
similarity. They are usually
unpublished materials such as
manuscripts, theses, and
dissertations.
Importance, Purpose, and
Functions of Related
Literature and Studies
A survey or review of related literature and studies is very
important because such reviewed literature and studies
serve as a foundation of the proposed study. This is because
related literature and studies guide the researcher in pursuing
his research venture. Reviewed literature and studies help or
guide the researcher in the following ways:
1. They help or guide the researcher in searching for or
selecting a better research problem or topic. By reviewing
related materials, a replication of a similar problem may be
found better than the problem already chosen.
2. They help the researcher understand his topic for research
better. Reviewing related literature and studies may clarify
vague points about his problem.
3. They help and guide the researcher in locating more
sources of related information. This is because the
bibliography of a study already conducted indicate references
about similar studies.
4. They help and guide the researcher in making his research
design especially in
• the formulation of specific questions to be researched on.
• the formulation of assumptions and hypotheses.
• the formulation of the conceptual framework.
• selection of the methods of research.
• selection of statistical procedures
• the analysis, organization, presentation, and
interpretation of data.
• making of summary of implications for the whole study.
• the formulation of the summary of the findings,
conclusions, and recommendations.
5. They help and guide the researcher in making comparison
between his findings with the findings of other researchers on
similar studies with the end in view of formulating
generalizations or principles which are the contributions of
the study to the fund of knowledge.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RELATED
LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
The surveyed materials must be as recent as possible. This is
important because of the rapid social, economic, scientific,
and technological changes.
Treatises that deal on universals or things of more or less
permanent nature may still be good today. There are
mathematical laws and formulas and statistical procedures
that had been formulated a long, long time ago which are
being used today with very, very little improvement.
Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased. Some
materials are extremely or subtly onesided, either political, or
religious, etc. Comparison with these materials cannot be
made logically and validly.
Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study. Only
materials that have some bearing or similarity to the research
problem at hand should be reviewed.
Surveyed materials must have been based upon genuinely
original and true facts or data to make them valid and
reliable.
Reviewed materials must not be too few nor too many. They
must only be sufficient enough to give insight into the
research problem or to indicate the nature of the present
investigation. The number may also depend upon the
availability of related materials.
 SOURCES OF
RELATED
LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
• Books, encyclopedias, almanacs, and other similar
references.
• Articles published in professional journals, magazines,
periodicals, newspapers, and other publications.
• Manuscript, monographs, memoirs, speeches, letters and
diaries.
• Unpublished theses and dissertations.
• The constitution, and laws.
• Record of schools, public and private, especially reports
of their activities.