ESTABLISHING THE

VALIDITY AND
RELIABILITY OF THE
INSTRUMENT
Cheding M. Arnigo

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

 VALIDITY
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo
What is VALIDITY?

Validity refers to the degree to which the

instrument measures what it intends to
measure. It involves collecting and analyzing
the data to assess the accuracy of an
instrument.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

Ways to Assess the Validity
Face Validity
Content Validity
Criterion Validity
Construct Validity

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

Ways to Assess the Validity
Face Validity

 It is a subjective type of measurement.

 It is the simplest and the easiest type of validity wherein
the validator skims the surface of the instrument in order
to form an opinion.
 It is often criticized as the weakest form of validity

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

Ways to Assess the Validity
Content Validity

 It refers to the appropriateness of the content

of an instrument.
 It includes experts or people familiar with the
construct being measured.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

Ways to Assess the Validity
Criterion Validity

This type of validity measures how well

the relationship between the measure and
an outcome.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

3 Ways to Measure Criterion Validity
Convergent Validity

Divergent Validity

Construct Validity

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

 Convergent Validity

 shows instrument is highly correlated with

instruments measuring similar variables

Example: geriatric suicide correlated to

depression

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

 Divergent Validity

 shows that the instrument is poorly

correlated to instruments that measure
different variables
Example: correlation is low in instrument measuring
motivation and instrument measuring self-efficacy

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

 Construct Validity

 The instrument that has correlation with

the future criterion
Example: score of a high efficacy test related to a
performance task should predict the likelihood of completing
the task

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

Ways to Assess the Validity
Construct Validity

 defines how well a test measures what it

claims to measure
 It is used to know whether the operational
definition of a construct aligned to the true
theoretical meaning of a concept
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo
3 Types of Construct Validity
Homogeneity
This means the instrument measures one construct only.

Convergence
The instrument measures construct similarly to another
instrument.
Theory of Evidence
This is when behavior is similar to the theoretical
propositions of the construct measured in the instrument.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo
RELIABILIT
Y
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo
What is Reliability?

Reliability refers to how accurate and precise

the measuring instrument. It yields consistent
responses for repeated measurements.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

Ways to Assess the Reliability
Stability or Test-retest reliability

Split-half Method

Internal Consistency

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

Ways to Assess the Reliability
Stability or Test-retest reliability
 This is the simplest type of reliability
wherein the same questionnaire is
administered twice and a correlation between
two sets of scores is computed.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

Ways to Assess the Reliability
Split-half Method
 Also called equivalent or parallel forms. This
is done by administering two different sets of
questionnaires but with the same topic and a
correlation between two sets of scores is
computed.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo
Ways to Assess the Reliability
Internal Consistency
 This is when the instrument measures a
specific concept. It is estimated based on a
single form of the test administered on a
single occasion.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

Ways to improve the instrument

Pilot Testing

Revising the instrument

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

 Activity 1
Identify the word being described in each statement. Choose the letter of
your answer in the box.
a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity

d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method

g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing

j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

1. It is a degree to which a test measure what it
intends to measure
a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity

d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method

g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing

j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

2. It measures the relationship between measure
and outcome.
a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity

d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method

g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing

j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

3. The process of pre-testing the instrument before
distributing to the target respondents
a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity

d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method

g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing

j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

4. Testing reliability by giving the test twice and
correlating two sets of scores.
a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity

d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method

g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing

j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

5. A series of questions where the respondents
provide their answers.
a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity

d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method

g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing

j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

6. The subjective form of validating the
instrument.
a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity

d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method

g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing

j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

7. It refers to whether the operational definition of a variable
actually reflects the true theoretical meaning of a concept.

a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity

d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method

g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing

j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

8. It refers to how accurate and precise the
measuring instrument.
a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity

d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method

g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing

j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

9. A process of validating with the help pf experts.

a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity

d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method

g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing

j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo

10. Also called equivalent or parallel forms.

a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity

d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method

g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing

j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo