AUSTRALIAN

INTERNATIONAL TRADE:
AN HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVE
Student ID
University Name
 Background
 Aim
 Findings
 Discussion
 Conclusion
 Reference

CONTENTS
 Australia is one of the major exporter in the world for past decade. The trade
agreement between Korea and Australia was signed during late 1960s and
significant trade improvements were also made to European nations by
Australia. This led to the drastic improvements of international export and
imports since 1960 to 2020
 This study will accomplish the objective by performing statistical analysis
using SPSS and excel to summarise the historical perspective of international
trade relations of Australia.

BACKGROUND
 The main goal of this study is to analyse and report on Australia’s international
trade from historical perspective

AIM
 exports and imports of Graphical estimate of
Australia Australian export share during
1963 - 2020

 Australia’s export strategy and free trade has

been rapidly changing during 1963 – 2019.
 Despite of such strategy, there was remarkable
increase in Australia’s export share during this
period.
 The export trends has shifted from major trade
partners from European nations to rapidly
growing Asian nations.

FINDINGS
 Time series estimate of trade
export and import of Australia

 The percentage change of the exports of

Australia from world trade value of exports
are mostly negative.
 The negative percentage change illustrates the
decrease of exports. The reduced exports was
observed during 2010 – 2011, 2013 – 2014
and 2018 – 2019 in Australia. (De Silva,
2014)

TASK 1
 Trade openness of Australia
Trade Openness of Australia 1963 - 2019
 The degree of trade integration of Australia was
estimated by calculating the trade openness of Australia
using the historic data.
 The trade openness of Australia shows increases trend
line during 1963 to 2019. The trade openness was very
low during 1962 – 1969.
 The increase of trade openness was remarkably
increased during 1970.
 The trade openness was low during 2005 – 2008. Strong
open trade policies always paves way for the economic
growth for all nation

TASK 2 EXTENT OF TRADE INTEGRATION OF

AUSTRALIA TOWARDS WORLD ECONOMY
Year GDP Tradevalue_exp Tradevalue_imp Tradeopenness

1962 19889250000 106886270.43 112459191.52 0.011028343

1963 21507447643 129059282.45 136456246.86 0.012345283

TRADE
1964 23764139321 145337783.53 154672427.77 0.012624493
1965 25936835032 161168981.97 170714186.32 0.012795824
1966 27268451114 177345170.13 188444784.46 0.013414402

OPENNESS
1967 30397580916 187889519.18 199401877.50 0.012740862
1968 32665472057 216840655.27 225108413.06 0.013529548
1969 36628961810 238835759.79 247082944.87 0.01326597
1970 41271138985 280945758.44 293496178.51 0.013918732
1971
1972
1973
45149512823
51967289720
63737347854
306722803.96
367724934.20
510462066.92
322184579.46
385338522.28
532305574.15
0.013929439
0.014491105
0.016360386
OF
1974
1975
1976
88831245394
97171924075
1.04921E+11
770522354.23
795902152.57
888613192.42
786831405.86
820477491.64
916025983.70
0.017531599
0.016634225
0.017199945
AUSTRALIA
1977 1.10202E+11 1060468416.22 1036030181.46 0.019024163
1978 1.18339E+11 1131999143.92 1170976306.93 0.019460899
1979 1.34712E+11 1429415127.88 1479834356.83 0.021596063
1980 1.49776E+11 1729919664.83 1812918994.03 0.023654241
1981 1.76642E+11 1718455230.88 1795705287.61 0.01989422
1982 1.9377E+11 1560388031.70 1654953384.59 0.016593574
1983 1.7703E+11 1500723305.49 1633273411.49 0.017703154
1984 1.93242E+11 1620843577.04 1757817350.26 0.017484077
1985 1.80235E+11 1667628394.05 1799692777.16 0.019237728
1986 1.82037E+11 1806270681.23 1950863921.51 0.020639408
1987 1.89062E+11 2131648438.13 2284350592.74 0.023357452
1988 2.35658E+11 2447358636.48 2617358440.38 0.021491768
1989 2.99272E+11 2740451536.14 2917469200.41 0.01890561
1990 3.10781E+11 3123525999.58 3304373210.89 0.020683046
1991 3.25316E+11 3187816702.39 3379645194.58 0.020187952
1992 3.24884E+11 3453072100.93 3673393111.17 0.021935397
1993 3.11549E+11 3407975056.57 3592222715.02 0.022468987
1994 3.22214E+11 3874283416.57 4064801277.04 0.024639185
1995 3.67216E+11 4628073356.01 4865617133.14 0.025853125
1996 4.00303E+11 4925070750.93 5198024992.68 0.0252886
1997 4.34568E+11 5113944869.93 5411519551.23 0.024220523
1998 3.98899E+11 5078295037.37 5358763739.20 0.026164656
1999 3.88608E+11 5277849603.59 5631581929.12 0.028073085
2000 4.15223E+11 5999063379.05 6404056844.87 0.029871012
 Products with Top Ten RAC in
2000 in world RAC
Product code Productvalue  Revealed Comparative Advantage (RAC) is defined
as ratio of Australia’s total share on export of goods
732 526802688.6 and services and world’s export of share on same
729 404605933.3 goods and services.
331 347212648.8  The values of RAC ranges from 0 to infinity.
714 338705461.1

719 290979350.9
 RAC value is observed to be increasing over these
ten years.
724 241990155.1

931 237611506.6
 The 2020 shows less figure due to the pandemic
841 185452418
situation that could have impacted the economy of
332 158248479.7
world.
722 151453687

TASK 3 REVEALED COMPARATIVE

ADVANTAGE (RAC) OF TRADE EXPORTS
 Top Ten products based on
product code
Product code Exportvalue

732 20711353521

331 16430475663

729 13789171956

719 13241609514

332 11681278734

931 10518610668

714 9268127550

724 9033408086

541 8175830531

TASK 3
Top ten exports in Australia
during 2019 based on product
codes TASK 3

 The above product codes was observed to

possess top ten products all over the world
Product code 2019_Australia_export exports during 2000 – 2020.
 The above three tables reveal that top
281 66496414.63
exported products during 2000 in all over the
931 47480173.81
world and 2019 in Australia has remarkable
321 44236989.36 difference.
11 11363052.57

283 8419944.02

541 4339774.348

331 4182898.943

684 2775695.637

682 2752708.974

861 2518909.022
RAC values of trade exports of
Australia 2000 – 2020
RAC year

0.02286957 2000
0.022006344 2001

0.023155673 2002

0.026892697 2003

0.032538606 2004

0.036968433 2005

0.042035642 2006

0.049565415 2007

0.057255356 2008

0.043818594 2009

0.052981332 2010

0.063595435 2011

0.063897676 2012

0.065259541 2013

0.06631324 2014
0.056489907 2015

0.055562746 2016

0.063302636

0.069156528
2017

2018 TASK 3
0.066082719 2019

0.02025191 2020
 TASK 3
 The export value of the product code 732 was top of the ten in all instances
with high RAC value during 2000, total exports performed during 2000 –
2020 in world and Australian exports during 2019.
 RAC value is observed to be increasing over these ten years
TASK 4 ANALYSIS OF GEOGRAPHICAL
TRADE PATTERNS

PartnerN 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Grand
ame Total
China 296762 316274 365492 463184 645337 101169 127451 160785 245686 307561 501382 693024 661977 795266 701086 496474 531066 755356 834053 100916 813021
5.869 3.978 2.303 0.91 5.975 20.92 71.23 66.28 24.79 24.42 25.79 80.54 31.26 08.98 45.12 72.82 35.59 53.08 77.99 780.8 528.6
Japan 992266 979368 982352 103099 135605 182486 197583 216127 345437 246175 318715 408204 361621 312517 270751 201386 188441 336869 413556 394549 492852
4.978 1.747 9.282 21.05 18.62 84.26 28.53 63.83 63.33 14.95 03.08 95.04 21.29 54.17 48.24 26.33 98.31 40.38 62.35 55.16 774.9
Unspecifie 957770 919996 854506 802837 104731 112567 137194 141510 190007 129545 159840 273974 294495 307771 360578 277474 238701 445736 14854. 38978. 312701
d 9.643 2.678 2.666 3.293 94.81 82.74 58.35 41.83 94.39 11.26 64.75 92.47 47.04 95.53 97.54 52.44 00.18 3.452 31 072 837.4
Korea, 406243 392453 417139 397185 526384 697472 761545 973918 139286 109963 168389 225477 189210 175128 151049 114532 109893 153865 176277 173853 234416
Rep. 6.265 2.475 1.574 5.258 2.585 7.561 7.46 4.305 82.17 28.47 57.63 60.52 24.45 63.92 08.31 68.78 03.72 33.47 12.41 39.6 110.9
United 525528 526868 550684 529145 606935 608454 639916 692029 891952 626720 699613 778614 759681 743533 914963 912766 814423 879950 947056 100879 146576
States 1.205 0.215 1.951 3.303 3.758 0.833 6.954 0.06 1.779 7.346 0.434 3.039 1.674 2.901 5.987 1.904 8.149 8.798 1.34 80.41 342
New 355972 347266 403581 498678 603992 642240 623768 746792 735590 589970 678937 741920 728200 675612 690683 606075 634958 684411 714995 704028 124076
Zealand 1.981 3.015 3.911 7.021 8.88 1.484 8.639 1.624 0.207 4.775 6.357 0.786 5.601 1.992 3.669 9.685 1.065 8.212 4.3 5.711 768.9
India 103059 113491 116346 139001 182514 293673 361535 408351 696286 576629 991937 112016 918680 713043 703703 656506 714291 114338 118395 951651 120882
0.051 3.325 0.415 5.733 6.463 4.297 8.119 1.45 6.798 7.14 6.868 64.64 3.684 2.225 7.6 7.195 7.44 05.39 31.24 1.646 041.7
Other 272680 234755 218894 201061 268947 365663 420609 464732 612671 442347 701131 888468 777400 669794 607825 462115 515942 662034 781295 883842 104522
Asia, nes 1.38 9.663 6.228 3.373 2.724 2.283 9.102 8.078 2.967 0.862 2.15 1.089 3.749 8.735 6.453 3.886 9.321 5.612 3.621 0.38 141.7
Singapore 211699 210270 216360 200788 213424 268940 306707 295632 426327 332809 365075 520641 566567 435717 474045 330228 303050 437934 646363 714074 747666
8.581 6.202 6.958 4.301 7.969 6.345 9.59 3.038 9.226 1.366 3.748 9.78 0.063 6.932 3.488 2.946 3.103 3.713 9.929 5.586 12.86
Indonesia 122269 125130 125111 140383 166717 210033 240731 247722 262487 256896 342229 493159 450158 415872 433941 356230 386715 509918 479636 409933 617527
5.857 7.249 4.18 4.817 6.43 5.668 4.339 7.294 2.504 8.652 7.523 0.967 2.041 3.097 1.708 4.23 9.948 7.276 0.17 0.291 94.24
 The estimated top ten nations of export partners for Australia during 2000 –
2019 are China, Japan, Korea, USA, New Zealand, India, Other Asian nations,
Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia and unspecified nation
 The study observed that Australia possess significant share on world’s export and
imports during 1960 till 2020. The increase trade openness of Australia during
1960 to 2020 is due to the free trade agreement made by Australia.
 Most of the products exported by mining and technology products. Australia has
built up a serious edge in a scope of labor and products, from high-innovation
items, for example, clinical and logical hardware through to excellent wine and
prepared food. Significant administrations sends out incorporate schooling and the
travel industry, and proficient and monetary administrations.
 Administrations by Australian organizations working abroad give a significant
commitment to Australia's economy. Australia keeps on pushing ahead with
exchange progression singularly, respectively and multilaterally.

DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION
 This will reinforce worldwide financial joint effort, diminish the dangers confronting the
worldwide economy, and support development. Australia assumes a functioning part in the WTO,
APEC, the G20 and other exchange related discussions.
 Australia has additionally arranged two-sided and local economic accords with a wide scope of
nations to reinforce exchange and venture streams.
 Around 70% of Australia's two-way labor and products exchange is with nations with whom we
have either an in-power or a closed international alliance, in light of 2018 exchange information.
73% exchange of Australia is with APEC countries. (DFA, 2021)
 The main aim of the study is to quantitatively estimate and compare the international trade
practices of Australia.
 The data was gathered from secondary web sources such as data world etc.
 The study identified that Australia contribute significant amount of world’s total export rate.
 The RAC level of products exported by Australia is less than 1.
 The product code 732 was significantly exported at high rates since 2000 by Australia.
China, Japan, Korea, USA, New Zealand, India, Other Asian nations, Singapore, Indonesia,
Malaysia and unspecified nation are the top ten export partners of Australia during 2000 to
2019.
 The historical perspective analysis using time series data revealed that Australia’s export
aggregate continue to increase since 1963 to 2019.

CONCLUSION
 DFAT. (2020). Trade through time, Available online:
DFAT – Trade Through Time
 DFA. (2021). Australian Trade, available online:
Trade | Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (dfat.
gov.au)
 RBA. (2020). Trade patterns of Australia on economy.
 De Silva (2014). Export Trends and Free Trade of Australia, Available online:
オーストラリア研究紀要　４０号（Ｐ）☆／５．Ｓｉｌｖｅｒ
(otemon.ac.jp)

REFERENCES
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