WELCOME TO.
YOUR ENGLISH
CLASS
Past Simple
• Affirmative Negative
• I worked I didn’t work
• He worked You worked He didn’t work You didn’t work
• She worked We worked She didn’t workWe didn’t work
• It workedThey worked It didn’t work They didn’t work
• Questions
• Did I work?
• Did he work? Did you work?
• Did she work? Did we work?
• Did it work? Did they work?
Spelling rules:
• The normal rule is to add -ed.
• Work →worked start → started
• If the verb ends –e, add –d
• Live → lived love → loved
• If the verb has only one syllable and vowel and one consonant, double
the consonant.
• Stop → stopped plan →planned
• Verbs ending in a consonant + -y change to –ied.
• Study →studied carry → carried
We use the past simple for:
• * Actions that started and were completed at a specific time in the
past
• We bought our house five years ago
• * Habitual or repeated actions in the past.
• I always went to bed early when I lived with my parents.
• * Completed actions that happened one after the other in the past
• I made a sandwich, turned on the TV and watched the soccer game.
Time expressions:
• Last night /last week / last Saturday / last month / last year, etc.
• Yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday, evening.
• Five hours ago, two days ago, three days ago, two weeks ago, three
months ago, etc,
• In 1999, ten years ago, etc.
• Note:
• We use could to express ability in the past
Comparatives and Superlative adjectives
• * We use the comparative form of adjectives or adverbs when we
compare two people, Animals things or situations .
• * We use the superlative form of adjectives or adverbs when we
compare one person, animal, things or situation with several of the
same kind.
• *The comparatives and superlatives of one syllable adjectives and
adverbs are formed by adding the endings –er and –est.
• *The comparatives and superlatives of adjectives with three or more
syllables are formed with
• More +adjective or more + adverb
• Most + adjective or most + adverb
• * One –syllable adjectives ending in one vowel + one consonant
double the consonant before the –er /-est
• * Adjectives ending in a consonant + -y drop the y and take –ier /-
iest.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Old Older The oldest
One –syllable Safe Safer The safest
Adjectives Big Bigger The biggest*
Hot hotter The hottest*
Noisy Noisier The noisiest
Adjectives ending Dirty dirtier The dirtiest
in -y
Boring More boring The most boring
Adjectives with two Beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful
or more syllables
Good/ well Better The best
Irregular Bad /badly Worse The worst
adjectives /Adverbs Much / many More The most
Little / a little Less The least
Far Further The furthest
farther The farthest
Note: We use much / a lot + comparative form for emphasis.
I bought this shirt because it was much cheaper than the other one.
Present Continuous
Affirmative Negative
I am working I am not working
He is working You are working He is not working You are not working
She is working We are working She is not working We are not working
It is working They are working It is not working They are not working
Questions
am I working?
is he working? are you working?
is she working? are we working?
is it working? are they working?
Spelling rules:
* Most verbs just add –ing . * Future plans
We’re going on vacation to Italy next m
Wear →wearing go → going cook →cooking hold →holding
* If the infinitive ends in –e drop the –e.
Write →writing smile →smiling take → taking
* When a one syllable verb has one vowel and ends in a consonant double the consonant
Sit →sitting get →getting run →running
We use the present continuous for:
* actions happening at the moment of speaking.
Angela’s watching a movie on TV now
* temporary situations
I’m staying at the Gloria Hotel for a week
onth
Time expressions
Now, at present, at the moment, today, tonight, these days, tomorrow,, this week, this month, this year, etc.
Whose + possessive pronouns
Whose….? Asks about possession
Subject Object Adjective Pronoun
I me my mine
You you your yours
He him his his
She her her hers
We us our ours
They them their theirs
mine
Whose is yours
this book? It’s hers
Whose book his
is this? ours
Whose is it? theirs
going to
• a. Going to expresses a person’s plans and intentions.
• She’s going to be a ballet dancer when she grows up.
• b. Often there’s no difference between going to and present
continuous to refer to a future intention
• I’m seeing Pamela tonight
• c. we also use going to when we can see now that something is sure
to happen in the future.
• Careful! That cell phone is going to fall
I am
He is
She is going to have a break
It is not going to stay home this weekend
We are
You are
They are
am I
is he
when is she have a break?
is it going to stay home
are we
are you
are they
• Infinitive of purpose
The infinitive can express why a person does something
I’m saving my money to buy a new cell phone
• Prepositions
I’m going to Florida in a year time
She is interested in flying
She’s good at singing
She was afraid of cars
What’s the weather like?
What’s on TV tonight?
What’s on the movie theater?
Present Perfect Simple
Affirmative Negative
I have worked I haven’t brought
He has worked You have worked He hasn’t brought You haven’t brought
She has worked It has worked It hasn’t worked She hasn’t worked
We have brought They have brought We haven’t brought They haven’t worked
Questions
Have I worked?
Has she worked? Have you brought?
Has he worked? Have we brought?
Has it worked? Have they worked?
We use the Present Perfect Simple for:
*an action which happened in the past but we don’t mention when exactly. The results of
the action are obvious in the present.
A: I’ve cooked pasta with seafood
B: It smells great
*an action which was completed a short time ago (usually with just).
I’m tired. I’ve just finished studying
* an action which started in the past and continues up to the present (emphasis on the
action).
I have lived in Athens since 1990
(I still live in Athens)
Note: for + period of time
Since + point in time
We’ve been here for five minutes
We’ve known each other since Last May.
Time expressions
For, since, already, just, yet, recently, lately, ever, never, how long, once, twice, before,
etc.
Ever and never
We use ever in questions and never in negative sentences
Have you ever been to Hong Kong?
I’ve never been to Hong Kong
Yet
We use yet in negative sentences and questions.
Have you done your homework yet?
I haven’t done it yet (but I’m going to).
Been and gone
She’s gone to Korea (and she’s there now)
She’s been to Korea (sometimes in her life, but now she has returned).
But if we want to say when these actions happened, we must use the
Past Simple.
She went to Thailand two years ago.
I was in a crash when I was 10.
